Effect of microwave radiation on whiteness and hardness of bleached wheat straw pulp were investigated. It has been found that microwave irradiation time, microwave irradiation power and sodium hypochlorite dosage are the main parameters to the whiteness and hardness of bleached wheat straw pulp. The experiment show that with the increment of microwave irradiation power, microwave irradiation time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite whiteness of pulp can increase but hardness decreases. In this paper the bleaching processing experiments by use of water bath and microwave radiation have been done and the results indicate that at the same whiteness of bleached pulp the microwave radiation can save much more bleaching time compared with that by water bath.