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- 摘要：To investigate the real-time response characteristics of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) under medium dose-rate gamma irradiation in nuclear industrial environments, in-situ irradiation experiments combined with numerical simulations were performed. NPN BJTs were irradiated using a 60Co gamma source, with real-time electrical measurements performed over a dose-rate range of 10-300 rad(Si)/s. The results show that under cutoff bias conditions, the increment of the collector-base reverse leakage current (∆ICBO) increases linearly with the dose-rate, and the current rapidly recovers after irradiation is terminated. Geant4 simulations indicate that this dose-rate dependence originates from the modulation of electron-hole pair generation rates in silicon. TCAD simulations further reproduce the experimental observations and confirm that the linear relationship between ∆ICBO and dose-rate agrees well with the Wirth-Rogers model. These results demonstrate that dose-rate is a critical factor governing the real-time radiation response of BJTs, providing experimental and theoretical support for radiation-effect modeling and real-time performance evaluation of semiconductor devices.关键词：Nuclear industry;Gamma radiation;Dose rate;Real-time response;Bipolar junction transistor1|0|0更新时间：2026-08-28
- 摘要：The radiation stability of polymer-based anticorrosive coatings is critical for the protection of industrial facilities in radiation environments. In this study, cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), and functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (WPU-BNNSs) were prepared using water-based polyurethane (WPU) as an agent. Both materials were incorporated into the WPU to obtain CeO2/BNNSs/WPU composite coatings. The effects of the addition of CeO2 and WPU-BNNSs on the anti-corrosion performance and radiation stability of the coating were systematically investigated. The coating structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The coating’s corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution was evaluated through electrochemical testing, and the changes before and after neutron irradiation (with a total fluence of 1010 cm-2) were compared. The results indicated that the composite coating exhibits optimal performance when the mass ratio of CeO2 to WPU-BNNSs is 1∶1 and the total loading is 1%. After 14 d of immersion, the low-frequency impedance modulus (|Z|0.01Hz) of this composite coating reached 3.15×106 Ω·cm2, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of pure WPU. After neutron irradiation, the impedance modulus remained at 1.72×106 Ω·cm2, representing a 45% reduction compared to the pre-irradiation value. This is significantly less than the 80% reduction observed in pure WPU, demonstrating excellent radiation stability. This study provides an optimized strategy for radiation resistant anti-corrosion coatings for metal protection in radiation environments, offering both theoretical and practical significance.关键词：Radiation stability;Water-based polyurethane;Cerium oxide;Boron nitride nanosheets;Corrosion protection2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-28
- 摘要：The thyroid gland is particularly sensitive to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), with children and adolescents potentially facing higher exposure risks. This study employed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) dosimetric simulations based on virtual human body models to quantitatively assess age-related differences in thyroid exposure doses from 5G Sub-6 GHz downlink electromagnetic fields. Three anatomical models were selected: Duke (34 years, adult), Louis (14 years, adolescent), and Dizzy (8 years, child). Tissue-specific absorption rate (TSAR) values for the thyroid were computed across the 0.7–4.9 GHz frequency range. The excitation source was configured as a 45° polarized plane wave, with azimuth angles scanned at 15° intervals over 360°. Azimuth-averaged TSAR values were obtained to represent idealized exposure conditions, and dose levels under safety threshold exposure scenarios were estimated according to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines and the national standard GB 8702―2014. The results demonstrated that: thyroid TSAR varied substantially with incident azimuth angle, peaking at frontal incidence (~180°) and reaching minima at rear incidence (~0°), with an approximate two-order-of-magnitude difference between extremes; across the 0.7–4.9 GHz range, TSAR exhibited an overall decreasing trend with increasing frequency; thyroid TSAR was markedly elevated in children compared with adults (by 8.0–11.1 dB), with adolescents showing intermediate values (approximately 6.0–9.0 dB higher than adults); and under ICNIRP limit conditions, peak TSAR occurred at 1.8–2.6 GHz, whereas under national standard limit conditions, TSAR decreased monotonically with increasing frequency. These findings indicate significant age-related differences in thyroid exposure doses from 5G Sub-6 GHz downlink electromagnetic fields, identifying children as a sensitive population. Although newly introduced higher frequency bands do not appear to pose significant additional risks, it is recommended that age-specific exposure standards be considered in the development of electromagnetic radiation protection guidelines, and that base station siting strategies prioritize the protection of thyroid health in children and adolescents.关键词：5G Sub-6 GHz;Thyroid gland;EMF exposure;Risk assessment;Computational dosimetry study2|0|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：The efficient extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions is critical for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, amidoxime-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AO-MWCNTs) featuring a "polymer brush" architecture were synthesized via a catalyst-free radiation-induced grafting polymerization (RIGP) strategy. The resulting adsorbent exhibited high affinity toward U(VI), achieving an adsorption capacity of 84.30 mg/g at pH 5.0 (C0 = 12 mg/L). Adsorption kinetics and isotherms aligned with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively, indicating a chemisorption-dominated process on a heterogeneous surface. Furthermore, AO-MWCNTs demonstrated significant photothermal-enhanced adsorption capabilities. Under simulated solar irradiation (100 mW/cm² for 24 h), the material achieved near-complete removal of uranium (>99.99%), reducing residual concentrations below the limit of detection. This enhancement is attributed to localized interfacial heating induced by the photothermal effect of the CNTs, which accelerates ion diffusion and thermodynamically promotes the endothermic coordination reaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that U(VI) capture occurs via stable bidentate chelation with oxime nitrogen and oxygen atoms. This study presents a viable, solar-driven strategy for the remediation of uranium-contaminated water.关键词：Uranium extraction;Carbon nanotubes;Radiation grafting;Photothermal effect;Amidoxime15|7|0更新时间：2026-08-18
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First-principles study on hydrogen diffusion behavior at AlCrTaTiZr/AlCrTaTiZrN₅ composite interface AI导读
摘要：Understanding the microscopic diffusion mechanism of hydrogen at the high-entropy alloy/nitride composite interface under extreme nuclear environment is crucial for researching hydrogen permeation resistance and radiation protection design. In this work, the special quasi-random structure (SQS) method was employed to construct supercell models of AlCrTaTiZr high-entropy alloy and AlCrTaTiZrN₅ high-entropy nitride. The optimal crystal planes and equilibrium interface spacing were screened based on surface energies and interface separation energies, thereby establishing a stable AlCrTaTiZr/AlCrTaTiZrN₅ composite interface. The interstitial site occupancy, solution energy, and cross-interface diffusion barrier of hydrogen atoms were systematically investigated using first-principles calculations. The results indicate that hydrogen atoms preferentially occupy octahedral interstitial sites in the nitride ceramic layer, whereas they tend to occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites in the alloy layer. In the interface region, the solution energies of hydrogen are entirely positive, suggesting that hydrogen segregation or retention is thermodynamically unfavorable. Furthermore, climbing-image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) calculations confirm that the resistance to hydrogen diffusion is larger in the ceramic layer. Specifically, the migration barrier reaches a peak diffusion barrier of 0.54 eV when hydrogen diffuses from the ceramic layer across into the interface, demonstrating a significant blocking effect of the composite interface on hydrogen transport. This study verifies the pronounced hindering effect of the high-entropy composite interface on hydrogen diffusion from an atomic scale, providing a theoretical foundation for designing hydrogen permeation resistant materials.关键词：High-entropy alloy;Composite interface;First-principles;Hydrogen diffusion14|36|0更新时间：2026-08-06 - 摘要：Oxyhydroxide is regarded as a stable active substance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a radiation synthesis strategy induced by γ ray was employed to synergistically activate, oxidize-reduce, and etch effects, and in situ synthesize FeO(OH) catalysts with oxygen vacancies on the surface of foam nickel (NF). Electrochemical tests demonstrated that this FeO(OH) catalyst has outstanding electrocatalysis OER performance. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal synthesis of FeO(OH), in 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, it achieved an OER overpotential of 266 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, and exhibited over 100 hours stability at a current density of 200 mA/cm2. In the simulated seawater solution (1 mol/L KOH + 0.5 mol/L NaCl), the catalyst also exhibits excellent electrocatalytic OER performance (307 mV@10 mA/cm2 and 50 h@1 000 mA/cm2). This study utilized radiation technology to in situ synthesize transition metal compounds with oxygen vacancies on the surface of NF, providing a new idea for designing high-performance water/seawater decomposition electrocatalysts.关键词：γ ray;Radiation synthesis;FeO(OH);Oxygen evolution reaction (OER)23|28|0更新时间：2026-07-30
- 摘要：High cholesterol-degrading lactic acid bacteria were bred via 12C6+ ion beam irradiation, and their in vitro cholesterol-degrading effects and probiotic functions were evaluated. By optimizing the KENJI solid screening medium, high cholesterol-degrading strains of 12C6+ ion beam-irradiated Lactobacillus reuteri JMR-01 and Lactobacillus casei SN-2 were screened based on colony diameter. The cholesterol degradation rates of the strains through different approaches were determined to explore the reasons for the improved cholesterol degradation efficiency of the mutant strains, and the probiotic functions of the strains were evaluated. The results showed that the mutation rates of strains JMR-01 and SN-2 were the highest at an irradiation dose of 300 Gy, and this irradiation dose was more favorable for obtaining mutant strains. Two high cholesterol-degrading strains, JMR-01-1 and SN-2-1, were screened, with their cholesterol degradation rates increased by 9.86% and 11.54% respectively compared with the original strains, which was mainly attributed to the enhanced cholesterol absorption of the strains. The mutant strains showed inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase and colon cancer cells, indicating the potential to lower blood lipids and blood glucose and assist in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. The optimized screening method in this study is efficient and feasible, and provides high-quality strain resources for functional probiotic products.In this study, high cholesterol-degrading lactic acid bacteria were obtained via 12C6+ heavy ion beam mutagenesis, and their in vitro cholesterol degradation capacity and probiotic characteristics were further assessed. By optimizing Kenji solid screening medium, mutant strains of irradiated Lactobacillus reuteri JMR-01 and Lactobacillus casei SN-2 were screened out according to colony diameter. Cholesterol degradation efficiencies under different conditions were determined to reveal the intrinsic mechanism for the enhanced degradation performance of mutants, and their probiotic potentials were comprehensively evaluated. The results demonstrated that the irradiation dose of 300 Gy yielded the highest mutation frequency for both strains, which was the optimal condition for mutant acquisition. Two excellent mutant strains, JMR-01-1 and SN-2-1, were successfully isolated. Compared with wild-type strains, their cholesterol degradation rates increased by 9.86% and 11.54%, respectively, which was primarily attributed to the improved cholesterol adsorption capability. Moreover, these mutants exerted obvious inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase and colon cancer cells, suggesting their promising applications in lipid regulation, hypoglycemic regulation and auxiliary intervention against colon cancer. In conclusion, this optimized screening protocol is efficient and reliable, which lays a solid foundation for screening superior strains and facilitates the research and development of functional probiotic products.关键词：Lactobacillus;12C6+ heavy ion beam irradiation mutagenesis;High-efficiency cholesterol-degrading Lactobacillus strain;Probiotic function;In vitro cholesterol degrading effect17|29|0更新时间：2026-07-27
- 摘要：In this work, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was employed as the primary characterization technique, combined with in situ tensile SAXS and wide-angle X-ray scattering, to systematically probe the microstructural damage mechanisms and evolution of deformation capacity in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-co-HFP)-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO₄)3 (LATP)-LiNO3 (PHLN) composite solid-state electrolytes subjected to electron beam absorbed doses ranging from 0 to 100 kGy. The results revealed that high-energy electron beam irradiation triggers main-chain scission of the polymer, disrupting the physical crosslinking network formed at the polymer-LATP particle interfaces. This phenomenon is manifested by aggravated surface defects and a reduction in the interfacial fractal dimension (Ds) from 2.63 to 2.33. In situ tensile SAXS measurements further verify that radiation-induced chain scission drastically weakens polymer chain entanglement, resulting in a significant negative correlation between deformation capacity and absorbed radiation dose, and ultimately leading to complete brittle fracture at 100 kGy. Utilizing synchrotron SAXS characterizations, this work establishes a direct correlation between molecular chain scission and macroscopic mechanical failure, offering critical experimental insights for the rational design of radiation-resistant solid-state electrolytes.关键词：Synchrotron radiation;Electron beam radiation;P(VDF-co-HFP);Solid-state electrolyte22|31|0更新时间：2026-07-23
- 摘要：Oral ulcers (OUs) are one of the most common inflammatory lesions of the oral mucosa, characterized by mucosal inflammation, tissue damage, and persistent pain. The moist and dynamic physiological environment of the oral cavity limits the retention and efficiency of locally administered therapeutic drugs, posing challenges to the clinical local intervention of OUs. In this study, γ-ray radiation polymerization technology was used to prepare an asymmetric hydrogel material (Iq-IA-AA) based on electrostatic interaction-induced phase separation. During the polymerization process, the polarity of the reaction system was regulated by the ratio of ethanol/water binary solvent. Itaconic acid (IA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers rich in carboxyl groups were directionally introduced into the upper surface of the hydrogel to enhance mucosal adhesion; meanwhile, ionic liquid (Iq) monomers containing long hydrophobic carbon chains and double bonds settled to the bottom through phase separation polymerization to form a non-adhesive surface, thus constructing an asymmetric adhesive bilayer structure. Multiple characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy and universal testing machine were used to investigate the effects of solvent composition and absorbed dose on the structure and properties of the hydrogel, clarify the formation mechanism of its bilayer structure, and evaluate its biocompatibility through cytotoxicity tests. The results showed that when the volume ratio of ethanol/water was 2∶8 and the absorbed dose was 50 kGy, the Iq-IA-AA hydrogel exhibited a tensile strength of (275±7.1) kPa, a shear adhesion strength of (270±1.5) kPa, and a water swelling degree of only 203.6%, without cytotoxicity, indicating good application potential in the auxiliary materials for clinical local treatment of OUs.关键词：Hydrogel;Asymmetric adhesion;Radiation polymerization;Itaconic acid39|30|0更新时间：2026-07-22
- 摘要：Polymer materials exposed to radiation-related extreme environments (e.g., nuclear power plants, space, and medical sterilization) easily undergo chain scission and radical-induced degradation under the synergistic effects of high-energy radiation, heat, and light, leading to performance degradation and failure. Radical-scavenging antioxidants can effectively quench active radicals and are crucial for enhancing the radiation stability of polymers. However, traditional experimental methods are inefficient in revealing structure-activity relationships at the molecular level, limiting the rational design of high-performance radiation-resistant antioxidants. In this study, quantum chemical calculations were performed to construct a dataset of 189 phenol-, amine-, thiol-based antioxidants and their derivatives. Four key descriptors, including bond dissociation energy (BDE), single electron transfer energy (SET⁺), hydroxyl radical affinity (RAF-OH), and methyl radical affinity (RAF-CH₃), were systematically calculated. The intrinsic relationship between molecular structure and radical scavenging activity was analyzed using statistical methods, and the structure–activity rules for radiation-induced ground-state radical processes were determined. Results show that BDE exhibits high dispersion and acts as the core descriptor for hydrogen transfer activity. RAF-OH and RAF-CH₃ are highly concentrated, indicating strong radical addition capability. SET⁺ shows a narrow distribution as a common electronic feature but still provides a refined auxiliary optimization direction in a small range. Antioxidants present distinct performance stratification: BDE strongly depends on functional groups, SET⁺ shows moderate differentiation, and RAF is robust with little class difference. The effect of functional group count on BDE is type-dependent. Accordingly, a multi-mechanism synergistic design strategy is proposed, using radical affinity as the foundation, BDE as the tuning target, and SET⁺ as the auxiliary factor. This work provides theoretical support for the rational design and high-throughput screening of long-acting antioxidants, helping improve the service stability of polymers under radiation aging.关键词：Density functional theory;Descriptors;Free radical antioxidant;Structure-activity relationship;Molecular design26|43|0更新时间：2026-07-17
- 摘要：This study investigates the effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on xylan's molecular weight and pyrolysis characteristics, along with its hydrolysis kinetics under the combined influence of irradiation and hydrothermal treatment. Xylan was irradiated with EB, and the hydrolysis kinetics of xylan pretreated at 160 ℃ to 180 ℃ using hydrothermal methods were systematically analyzed. A biphasic hydrolysis kinetic model was utilized for the fitting analysis. Results indicate that irradiation induces depolymerization of xylan, resulting in decreased molecular weight and thermal stability. During the coupled EB-hydrothermal treatment, higher hydrothermal temperatures increased both the fraction of fast-hydrolyzing xylan (α) and its rate constant (ki). After irradiation, both α and ki significantly increased, while the activation energy (Ea) decreased. The activation energy for fast-reacting xylan decreased from 44.57 kJ/mol to 39.19 kJ/mol, while for slow-reacting xylan, it fell from 141.74 kJ/mol to 121.26 kJ/mol. The model fits the experimental data well, offering theoretical insights for designing EB-hydrothermal treatment systems for xylan.关键词：Xylan;Electron beam irradiation;Hydrothermal treatment;Two-phase kinetic model;Pyrolysis characteristics11|43|0更新时间：2026-07-16
- 摘要：Radiation mutagenesis serves as a key technological approach for genetic improvement in microorganisms, playing a vital role in microbial breeding. This paper systematically reviews current microbial radiation mutagenesis techniques, including ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, α-particles, β-rays, γ-rays, heavy ion beams, proton beams, neutron beams, atmospheric-pressure room-temperature plasma, and space breeding. It analyzes the energy characteristics and mutagenic efficiency of different radiation types. Radiation mutagenesis harnesses the energy of radiation to penetrate cells and directly or indirectly cause DNA damage in microorganisms. During the repair of these random lesions, cells introduce base errors, insertions, deletions, or rearrangements, thereby generating gene mutations. Radiation not only triggers DNA damage repair responses but also impacts cellular physiology and metabolic pathways. Radiation mutagenesis has been applied across agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection, providing crucial support for selecting superior microbial strains. Future microbial radiation mutagenesis breeding should focus on rational design, intelligent screening, directed domestication, and multiple mutagenesis approaches. By integrating synthetic biology and artificial intelligence, it can drive microbial strain improvement to play a more central role in innovation.关键词：Ionizing radiation;Microbial breeding;Molecular mechanisms;Response mechanisms;Industrial applications38|63|0更新时间：2026-06-11
- 摘要：To elucidate the structure-performance relationship between pore structure and radon adsorption in porous materials, the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method was adopted in this study to construct models of 4-20 Å （1 Å=10-10 m) graphite slit pores, irregular pore channels, and oxygen-containing group-modified pore channels to simulate the adsorption behavior of radon. A series of molecular sieves (3A, 4A, 5A, ZSM-5, and 13X) were selected for dynamic radon adsorption experiments to validate the simulation results. GCMC simulations revealed that narrow micropores of 5-6 Å exhibited the highest adsorption capacities (8.32 mmol/g and 7.86 mmol/g, respectively) due to strong pore confinement effects. Irregular pore channels within the effective micropore range can still achieve efficient radon adsorption, while restricted pore channels and open transmission channels show degraded performance due to hindered pore accessibility and insufficient confinement effect, respectively. In addition, oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl groups) can enhance radon adsorption through polar induction effect, but the material performance is deteriorated by competitive adsorption of H2O molecules in actual humid environments. Experimental results confirmed that 3A and 4A molecular sieves with pore sizes smaller than the kinetic diameter of radon (4.17 Å) showed only surface adsorption with extremely low adsorption coefficients (0.1-0.12 L/g), whereas 5A and ZSM-5 molecular sieves with matching pore sizes demonstrated significantly enhanced adsorption coefficients of 0.37-0.48 L/g. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between radon adsorption coefficient and effective micropore volume in the 5-6 Å range, while only a weak correlation was observed with specific surface area. This study identifies 5-6 Å as the critical pore size for radon adsorption in porous materials and demonstrates that increasing the effective micropore volume enhances radon adsorption capacity, providing theoretical guidance for the optimization of pore structure design in high-performance radon adsorbents.关键词：Radon adsorption;Porous materials;Critical pore size;Grand canonical Monte Carlo30|91|0更新时间：2026-05-18
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