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- 摘要：Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a two-step targeted radiotherapy technique. It involves the selective delivery of boron agents to tumor tissues, followed by thermal neutron irradiation. The subsequent 10B(n, α)⁷Li nuclear reaction results in selective destruction of tumor cells. The second-generation boron agents, boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH), have demonstrated promising results in tumor treatment. However, they still face several challenges, such as insufficient tumor targeting, rapid metabolism or poor solubility. In order to meet the above challenges, nanotechnology-based boron agents have become a key strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect of BNCT. In this article, we systematically review the research progress of nanotechnology-based boron agents, and at the same time, critically analyze the shortcomings of current nanocarriers and propose potential solutions, with the aim of facilitating the translation of nanotechnology-based boron agents into both basic research and clinical applications.关键词：Boron neutron capture therapy;Nanomaterial-based boron agent;Nanoparticle;Boron agent11|19|0更新时间：2026-05-06
- 摘要：Ionizing radiation serves as a significant stressor capable of inflicting damage on organisms, and the mechanisms underlying its DNA-damaging effects have been increasingly elucidated. As research has advanced, the investigation of the biological effects of ionizing radiation has progressively shifted from traditional mechanisms of DNA damage and repair to the emerging field of epigenetics. This paper systematically reviews the progress in understanding the effects of ionizing radiation on epigenetic modifications in plants, emphasizing the dynamic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA, and RNA methylation in response to radiation stress, as well as their biological significance. This review provides a theoretical foundation for comprehending the epigenetic effects of radiation and holds substantial reference value in the domains of radiation protection, cancer treatment, and crop breeding.关键词：Ionizing radiation;Epigenetic modification;DNA methylation;Histone modification;Non-coding RNA10|40|0更新时间：2026-04-29
- 摘要：A numerical simulation study was conducted to investigate the auditory effects in rats induced by pulsed microwave exposure. Based on a three-dimensional anatomically realistic rat model, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was employed to calculate the electromagnetic energy absorption in the rat body under microwave irradiation at different rise times and pulse widths. Subsequently, using the adiabatic approximation, the FDTD method was further applied to simulate the stress waves generated by the temperature rise caused by microwave absorption in the rat body. The results indicate that under specific pulse widths and irradiation conditions, the spectrum of the stress waves (thermoacoustic waves) excited in the rat model falls within the frequency range perceivable by the human (or rat) auditory system. Based on the simulation data, the threshold power for the microwave auditory effect in rats was estimated to be 0.6 kW/m2 under EyHx irradiation with a pulse width of 20 μs, a result that is consistent with the power threshold reported for the microwave auditory effect in humans.关键词：Microwave hearing;Finite-difference time-domain method;Cochlea;Thermal stress wave9|45|0更新时间：2026-04-28
- 摘要：Acetamiprid (ACE) is a chloropyridine neonicotinoid broad-spectrum insecticide and its residues show acute and reproductive toxicity to humans. This paper studied on the degradation effect and mechanism of ACE in aqueous solution induced by glow discharge plasma (GDP). Firstly, the effects of discharge voltage, pH, initial concentration, temperature and Fe2+ on the degradation efficiency were investigated. Secondly, the physical and chemical properties of the solution and the changes of active substances during the degradation of ACE by GDP were determined. The degradation products of ACE were analyzed and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and according which the possible degradation pathways were proposed. Finally, the toxicity of ACE degradation intermediates was evaluated by small carp survival experiments.The results showed that the degradation efficiency increased with the increase of voltage and temperature, the extension of time and the catalysis of Fe2+ and decreased with the increase of initial concentration, while both acidic and alkaline environments could improve the degradation efficiency of ACE. During the degradation of ACE by GDP, the pH of the solution decreased, the oxidation-reduction potential and conductivity increased, the concentration of active substances increased and the toxicity of degradation intermediate products decreased significantly. The results of mass spectrometry showed that the degradation pathway was mainly that the active substance attacked the ACE molecule to open the pyridine ring and break the side chain to produce intermediate products such as small molecular organic acids, and finally degraded into CO2 and H2O. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the practical application of GDP effective degradation of ACE.关键词：Glow discharge plasma;Acetamiprid;Degradation18|53|0更新时间：2026-04-28
- 摘要：In this study, neutron irradiation technology with an energy of 14 MeV and a fluence of 1×10¹⁴ cm-² was used to treat multilayer tungsten disulfide (WS₂) nanosheets on sapphire substrates. The changes in the microstructure, morphology, and optical properties of the material before and after irradiation were systematically analyzed through various characterization methods. The results show that after neutron irradiation, the intensity of some Raman modes of the multilayer WS₂ nanosheets decreased with a blue shift, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of shortened W-S bonds caused by in-plane lattice contraction and weakened interlayer phonon coupling. During the irradiation process, the accumulation of Frenkel defects inside the material increases, and the interlayer stress induced by the mutual repulsion of interstitial atoms is alleviated, leading to changes in the original uniform triangular morphology of the nanosheets. In addition, the number of layers of the WS₂ nanosheets decreases from 18 to 4, and the interlayer spacing increases from 0.633 nm to 0.697 nm. UV-visible spectroscopy indicates that the visible light absorption of the irradiated sample is enhanced, and the A-exciton peak undergoes a blue shift, suggesting that the lattice distortion caused by defects widens the optical band gap to 1.96 eV. This study provides a basis for the radiation-resistant design of WS₂ devices and lays a research foundation for regulating the properties of tungsten disulfide.关键词：Tungsten disulfide;Neutron irradiation;Radiation defect;Microstructure19|68|0更新时间：2026-04-20
- 摘要：To assess the current status of radioactivity levels in centralized drinking water sources across Shanxi Province and to identify the primary contributors of gross alpha radioactivity in drinking water,this study determined the activity concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta in drinking water samples from 11 cities across the province using the thick source method. Uranium concentration was measured via laser-induced fluorescence, and the activity concentration of radium-226(226Ra) was quantified using the emanation method. The results indicate that: The radioactivity concentration of gross α （detected value）ranged from less than 0.058 Bq/L to 0.284 Bq/L, and the activity concentration of total beta radioactivity ranged from 0.071 Bq/L to 0.209 Bq/L. Both were lower than the limits specified in Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749—2022), indicating no radioactive contamination in centralized drinking water across Shanxi Province. Uranium concentrations varied between 0.37 μg/L and 18.05 μg/L, and 226Ra activity concentrations （detected value）ranged from 1.74 mBq/L to 16.7 mBq/L, which is consistent with the results of the national survey on environmental natural radioactive levels. Notably, the dominant sources of gross α radioactivity in groundwater differ significantly among cities. In Yangquan City, the gross α radioactivity in groundwater is mainly derived from 226Ra; in Xinzhou City, uranium isotopes is the predominant contributor; whereas in Jinzhong and Lüliang Cities, gross α radioactivity arises from the combined contributions of both 226Ra and uranium isotopes.关键词：Drinking water;Gross alpha activity;Gross beta activity;Uranium;226Ra32|117|0更新时间：2026-04-07
- 摘要：To address the range uncertainty in proton therapy arising from the conversion of hounsfield units (HU) to relative stopping power (RSP) in conventional X-ray CT, this study proposes and constructs a high-resolution proton computed tomography (pCT) detection system based on multi-layer silicon pixel detectors. By using the Geant4 Monte Carlo platform, the tomographic imaging process of a 230 MeV clinical proton pencil beam was simulated with a radial scanning step of 0.1 mm. Performance evaluations regarding RSP accuracy and image quality were conducted using the Catphan 600 series phantom. The results indicate that the system exhibits excellent linear response characteristics in measuring the RSP of 7 materials in CTP404 module with varying densities (R2=0.999 72). Through linear calibration, RSP reconstruction deviations for various tissue-equivalent materials—including bone-equivalent material (RSP≈1.84)—were maintained within 1%. In validation tests using a human tissue-equivalent phantom (customized CTP515 module), the system successfully distinguished between muscle and lens tissues with a density difference of only ~2%, demonstrating superior low-contrast resolution. Analysis of the high-resolution line-pair module (CTP528) revealed that, under the straight-line path assumption, multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) effects induced an attenuation of approximately 38.4% in high-frequency signal amplitude, resulting in a modulation transfer function (MTF) of 10% at approximately 5 lp/cm. This study not only validates the technical feasibility of the multi-layer pixel detector architecture for achieving sub-millimeter, iso-source image-guided proton therapy, but also establishes a high-precision RSP quantification workflow that provides core algorithmic support and a viable solution for further reducing range uncertainty in proton therapy.关键词：Proton therapy;Image guidance;Pixel detector;Relative stopping power47|150|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：To investigate the establishment of a screening and evaluation model for enriched plants and their accumulation patterns under different uranium stress concentrations, this study conducted a pot experiment using annual ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum Lam.）, black nightshade（Solanum nigrum L.）, sorghum-sudan grass hybrid （Sorghum bicolor×sudanense）, lablab bean （Lablab purpureus）, as well as model plants red amaranth （Amaranthus cruentus L.） and sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. The experiment included uranium stress concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg. Shoot and root dry weights along with U concentrations were measured to calculate U accumulation, bioconcentration factor （BCF）, translocation factor （TF）, and bioconcentration quantity （BCQ）. Based on principal component analysis, screening models for extraction remediation and root enrichment remediation were constructed to comprehensively evaluate the uranium enrichment capacity of each plant and identify dominant species. The results showed that under 200 mg/kg DW uranium stress, sorghum-sudan grass hybrid exhibited the highest uranium content in the underground parts （1215.91 mg/kg DW）, the highest uranium accumulation amount （1.94 mg）, the lowest translocation factor （0.1）, and the highest underground bioconcentration factor （6.08）, indicating extremely strong uranium root enrichment capacity, followed by ryegrass and black nightshade. Red amaranth and sunflower were suitable for extraction remediation in low to medium uranium-contaminated soils, while sorghum-sudan grass hybrid was applicable for high-concentration uranium-contaminated areas.The comprehensive evaluation for extraction remediation indicated that red amaranth and sunflower scored the highest under low to medium concentrations, while sorghum-sudan grass hybrid scored the highest under high concentrations. In the root enrichment remediation evaluation, sorghum-sudan grass hybrid achieved the highest comprehensive score, followed by ryegrass and black nightshade. In conclusion, red amaranth and sunflower can serve as materials for extraction remediation in low to medium uranium-contaminated soils, while sorghum-sudan grass hybrid is suitable for extraction remediation in high-concentration uranium contamination. sorghum-sudan grass hybrid, ryegrass, and black nightshade have the potential to be used as root enrichment remediation materials for uranium-contaminated soils. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening and evaluation of plants for uranium-contaminated soil remediation.关键词：Uranium-contaminated soil;Phytoextraction remediation;Uranium hyperaccumulators;Comprehensive remediation assessment;Root-based enrichment remediation24|138|0更新时间：2026-04-01
- 摘要：In this study, the sterilization efficiency and underlying mechanism of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma against B. cinerea were systematically evaluated. The optimal treatment parameters were first determined based on the effects of treatment duration and voltage on inactivation efficiency. Subsequently, the fungicidal mechanism of DBD was investigated by analyzing changes in colony morphology, spore ultrastructure, and cell membrane integrity. The results showed that with a spore concentration of 2×10⁶ CFU/mL, an inactivation rate of up to 99.75% was achieved at 10 kV and 60 s. After DBD treatment, the colony diameter, sporulation quantity, mycelial biomass accumulation, and ergosterol content of B. cinerea were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, cell membrane permeability increased, accompanied by elevated protein and nucleic acid leakage, higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and enhanced propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence intensity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly increased, whereas fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining was completely lost. Observations via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirmed that DBD treatment caused spore membrane rupture, ultrastructural damage, and leakage of intracellular contents. Overall, DBD effectively inactivates B. cinerea through multiple damage pathways, including disruption of spore morphology, cell membrane integrity, and internal structures.关键词：Botrytis cinerea;Dielectric barrier discharge;Elimination;Mechanism29|141|0更新时间：2026-04-01
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Radiation safety analysis of metasurface antennas in underground space electromagnetic environments AI导读
摘要：To improve the quality of wireless communication in underground spaces, this study designs a metasurface antenna based on a circular ring structure. The antenna operates in the 4.717－5.206 GHz frequency band, with a bandwidth of 489 MHz and a peak gain of 9.7 dBi. The distributions of electric field strength and received power for both the metasurface antenna and a conventional antenna are comparatively analyzed in above-ground and underground environments. Furthermore, the electromagnetic exposure safety of the human body in these environments is investigated. The results demonstrate that in above-ground environments, the metasurface antenna increases the maximum electric field strength by 67% and the peak received power by 12.24 dBm, providing broader coverage. In underground environments, it enhances the maximum electric field strength by 263.1% and the peak received power by 11.62 dBm, leading to a more uniform signal distribution. The average signal coverage area under specific thresholds is improved by 5.66% on the second above-ground floor and 9.25% on the second underground floor, respectively. Additionally, under metasurface antenna radiation, the peak electric field strength on the first underground floor reaches 3.254 V/m, where the maximum 10 g averaged Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for the human body is only 4.433×10-6 W/kg, far below the public exposure limits specified by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). In summary, the proposed metasurface antenna effectively overcomes the rapid attenuation of wireless signals in underground spaces, enhances communication coverage, and ensures the safety of the electromagnetic environment, providing a new perspective for optimizing wireless communication deployment in enclosed underground areas.关键词：Metasurface antenna;Underground space;Wireless communication signal coverage;Electromagnetic environment safety;Electromagnetic exposure safety assessment18|128|0更新时间：2026-03-30 - 摘要：Radioresistance is a critical challenge limiting the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma. This study aims to investigate the specific metabolic mechanisms underlying the radiosensitizing effect of the biomimetic nanodrug NPPM on U87 MG human glioblastoma cells using untargeted metabolomics. U87 MG cells were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (NC), NPPM only (NP), irradiation only (IR), and combined treatment (NP_IR). Metabolic profiles were acquired using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, were employed to identify differential metabolites, followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The metabolomic profiling revealed that NPPM induced significant metabolic reprogramming in irradiated cells. Specifically, NPPM triggered an intense arachidonic acid cascade storm, characterized by substantial consumption of the substrate arachidonic acid and a dramatic upregulation of the lipid peroxidation marker 20-Oxo-Leukotriene E4. Simultaneously, NPPM specifically blocked the purine salvage pathway, resulting in the abnormal accumulation of the precursor guanosine and the significant depletion of deoxyribose 5-phosphate, a key raw material for DNA repair. Furthermore, comparison between the NP and NP_IR groups revealed that the combined treatment specifically caused a significant decrease in the antioxidant coenzyme pyridoxine, indicating excessive consumption of antioxidant reserves. Moreover, the malondialdehyde assay confirmed that the combined treatment induced significantly higher membrane lipid oxidative damage compared to monotherapy. In conclusion, by driving lipid peroxidation and blocking nucleotide synthesis, NPPM primes U87 MG cells into a metabolically vulnerable state, where radiation-induced oxidative stress exceeds the cellular threshold, ultimately triggering antioxidant system collapse and cell death.关键词：Radiosensitivity;Radiotherapy;Nanoparticle;Metabolomics;Glioblastoma33|88|0更新时间：2026-03-30
- 摘要：To reduce the electromagnetic exposure of children from smartwatches, this study proposes an active electromagnetic radiation protection approach based on cross-frame metamaterials. First, a smartwatch antenna supporting 4G calls, wireless internet, and bluetooth functionality was designed, along with a metamaterial protective layer based on a cross-frame structure. Second, a human electromagnetic model for a 6-year-old child including the skull, brain, eyes, thyroid, and heart was established, and the dielectric properties of corresponding biological tissues were calculated. Finally, by analyzing the electromagnetic exposure dose absorbed by different tissues in child's body when using smartwatches before and after loading a metamaterial protective layer, and compared these results with the general public exposure restrictions of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guideline, the safety of electromagnetic exposure was evaluated. The research results indicated that after loading the metamaterial protective layer, the area of high-dose radiation regions in various tissues of the child was significantly reduced, and the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR) values were also markedly lowered. Among the body tissues, the wrist absorbed the highest SAR, reaching 9.300×10-2 W/kg, which was 20.7% lower than before loading the metamaterial protective layer, approximately 2.3% of the ICNIRP limit. The most obvious reduction in electromagnetic radiation dose was observed in the heart, where the SAR value lowered by up to 28.8%, and the area with the highest radiation dose concentration was significantly reduced. The results above indicated that the active protection approach based on improving the exposure source proposed in this study could effectively reduce the electromagnetic exposure levels of smartwatches on children. Furthermore, it could reduce the cumulative radiation dose effects caused by long-term smartwatch wearing, providing a new approach for protecting children from electromagnetic radiation.关键词：Smartwatch;Radiation protection;Cross-frame metamaterials;Electromagnetic model of the children's body;Electromagnetic exposure50|141|0更新时间：2026-03-13
- 摘要：90Sr/90Y applicators are currently widely used in the field of radiotherapy for superficial skin diseases. According to the relevant regulations of the GBZ 120—2020 health standard, the surface absorbed dose rate of the radioactive source needs to be corrected every two years, and the reference point dose rate needs to be detected once a year. In response to this, this work used thin LiF(Mg,Cu,P) and LiF(Mg,Ti) thermoluminescence detectors for measurement. The measurement results were compared with the reference dose rate data provided by the hospital. At the same time, an optimized ionization chamber was used for synchronous measurement to verify the accuracy of the measurement. This work independently designed a measurement device. The results show that the maximum error between the surface dose rate measured by the thermoluminescence detector and the data provided by the hospital is less than 11%. A calibration method for the surface dose rate of β applicators that can be traced and does not require the use of ionization chambers or films is proposed, providing a reference method for self-testing by institutions. Combined with practical applications, this method has a high degree of universality.关键词：Patch applicator;thermoluminescence detector;ionization chamber;Absorbed dose rate66|107|0更新时间：2026-03-13
- 摘要：To study the effect of gamma irradiation on the expression profile of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and their differentiated cells in the intestine of mice, and to screen the key genes. The Seurat package was used to perform cluster analysis and differential expression analysis on a single-cell sequencing dataset (GSE165318) to identify differentially expressed genes in each cell type. The TCseq package analyzed the expression trend over time. Key genes were identified by intersecting up-regulated genes with specific trend gene clusters across the five cell types. The clusterProfiler package and STRING database were used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and PPI network analysis of key genes. A mouse model of RIII was established via abdominal irradiation with 12 Gy of 60Co γ-rays. Intestinal tissues were collected at 0, 3, and 7 days post-irradiation in control and treatment groups. Key genes were verified using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).ResultsTwelve intestinal cell types were identified, and the key gene Mmp8 was found in ISCs and their differentiated cells. Additionally, the expression of 15 Mmp family members peaked on the 3rd day after irradiation, with heterogeneous expression across different cell types. PPI network analysis revealed that Mmp3, Mmp7, Mmp8, Mmp9, and Mmp11 are central in the regulatory network. The differential expression of Mmp8, Mmp9, Mmp13, Mmp19, and Mmp25 was validated by RT-qPCR.ConclusionMmp family plays an important role in the process of intestinal injury caused by gamma rays and repair, and Mmp8, Mmp9, Mmp13, Mmp19 and Mmp25 may be potential therapeutic targets for intestinal radiation injury.关键词：Gamma rays;Single-cell sequencing;Radiation-induced intestinal injury;Matrix metalloproteinase135|383|0更新时间：2026-01-13
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