最新刊期
      期 3 ， 2017

        REVIEW

      • Jing SU,Shiping SONG
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030101
        摘要：This review outlines the biogenesis of exosomes and quantitative methods for exosome detection that have emerged in recent years, including surface plasmon resonance and physical, electrochemical, and microfluidic methods. The applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as the screening of exosomes as potential tumor markers and the biological effects of radiation-induced exosomes, are summarized. Moreover, future trends in exosome research are forecasted.  
        关键词：Exosomes;Quantitative determination;Biomarker;Diagnosis and treatment;Radiation;Review   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10
      • Junjun LI,Wenzhi TU,Yong LIU
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030102
        摘要：Here, we summarized the isolation, enrichment, and tracking of exosome, as well as its application in radio-and chemotherapy of cancer. Currently, the main extracting methods of exosome include ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and chromatography. Exosome can be tracked by luciferase labeling. Exosome is characterized by specific surface markers and exists in most body fluids, which makes it a potential cancer marker. Moreover, increasing researches have focused on the vital role of exosomes in radiosensitivity, radiation damage, targeted therapy, and multidrug resistance of cancer cells.  
        关键词：Exosomes;Radiotherapy;Chemotherapy;Cancer;Review   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10

        RADIATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION

      • Kefei GU
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030401
        摘要：The influence of electron beam irradiation on the activity and structure of PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) was analyzed. The results showed that electron beam irradiation can reduce PPO enzyme activity to a certain extent at a dose lower than 4.83 kGy. Analysis by circular dichroism (CD) showed that PPO protein's relative content of secondary structure affected by electron beam irradiation and total content of alpha helix, beta, and beta folding angle changed slightly. In contrast, at a dose higher than 4.83 kGy, the total content of the alpha helix, beta folding, and beta angle declined, and the random curl content increased. SDS-PAGE results showed that simultaneous cross-linking and degradation of the PPO enzyme occurred during irradiation. The experimental results indicate that electron beam irradiation can inhibit the activity of PPO.  
        关键词：Polyphenol oxidase;Electron beam irradiation;Protein structure   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10

        RADIATION PROTECTION

      • Chunsong LI,Wenhua JIANG,Ailian LIAO
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030601
        摘要：MCNP (Monte Carlo N particle transport code) and the empirical equation were used for shielding calculation of a 60Co irradiation room. The absorbed dose rates obtained outside the irradiation room and inside a maze were studied. The calculation results of the penetrating radiation using an empirical equation was obviously bigger than that of actual measurement and would increase the construction costs. The calculation results of maze scattering showed that the empirical equation was a convenient and time-saving method, and the calculation was especially quick and easy when the maze was complex.  
        关键词：MCNP;Empirical equation;Shielding calculation   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10
      • Zhenhe XING,Hongxin QI,Jie ZHANG,Xianghui WANG,Shude CHEN
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030602
        摘要：In order to determine the precise dose of electromagnetic radiation for microwave irradiation of animals, an in vivo electric field measurement system was designed for use in rats exposed to 1 800 MHz microwave radiation. The parameters of the measurement system, such as directionality, measuring range, sensitivity, and response were tested using solutions with different dielectric properties. The electric field measurement range and sensitivity of the system were 1.75~529.33 V/m and 0.20 V/m, respectively. Compared with other equipment used for measuring electromagnetic exposure, this system had smaller volume and lower limit of detection, which was advantageous for measuring electric fields in media and in animals. In a homogeneous medium, the voltage-electric field response coefficient decreased as the relative permittivity increased, and the coefficient only a small change when the relative permittivity was higher than 20. The values of electric fields in the brain and liver of rats exposed to 1 800 MHZ microwave radiation were measured and compared with the results of numerical calculations; both were found to be in good agreement.  
        关键词：Microwave radiation;Electric-field measurement;In vivo   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10

        RADIATION CHEMISTRY

      • Mengmeng LIANG,Ying LIANG,Bin FANG
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030301
        摘要：Silver particles were successfully synthesized by irradiating silver oxalate in deionized water under a nitrogen atmosphere by using the electron accelerator and by changing the pH value, absorbed dose, and structure inducer. Further, the silver powders with different particle morphologies (e.g., granular, rod-like, and lamellar-shaped particles) were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Under the condition of an absorbed dose of 4 MGy and pH=6, silver powder composed of rod-like particles with diameters of about 2 μm and lengths of 5~10 μm were obtained with the organic amine compound induction of CS005 or CSH100. Further, silver powder composed of quadrilateral flaky particles was obtained with the coexisted of CS005 and BTA, and silver powder composed of a mixture of triangular and polygonal lamellar particles was obtained with the synergistic induction of CSH100 and PEO200. Under the condition of an absorbed dose of 4 MGy and pH=9, spherical silver nanoparticles with diameters of about 20 nm could be obtained with the CS005 and lamellar mixed silver particles with diameters of about 100 nm were synthesized with the CSH100. Under the condition of an absorbed dose of 8 MGy and pH=9, lamellar mixed silver particles with diameters of about 100 nm were obtained with the CS005 or CSH100.  
        关键词：Radiation;Sliver powders;Morphology   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10
      • Xiuping GUO,Jie LI,Liujian YU,Yong WANG,Tao WANG
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030302
        摘要：A poly-functional silicon-containing acrylate monomer, MAE-Si-OCH3, was synthesized via transesterification reaction using γ-(meth-acryloxypropyl) trimethoxy silane and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate as raw materials and sodium ethoxide as the catalyst. The structure of MAE-Si-OCH3 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H-NMR. The ratio of double bond and methoxy groups in the monomer was determined by 1H-NMR. The photopolymerization reaction of MAE-Si-OCH3 was also studied, and its resistance to acids, alkalis, and hardness were tested. The results show that MAE-Si-OCH3 displays excellent photopolymerization efficiency, has a good resistance towards acids and alkalis and is quite hard.  
        关键词：Poly-functional monomer;UV-curable;Free radical   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10

        RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIOMEDICINE

      • Sulan LIN,Nan DING,Wenjun WEI,Jinpeng HE,Jufang WANG
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.118879/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030201
        摘要：The radioprotective effects of GANRA nanoparticles against X-ray radiation were studied in lymphoblast cells. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate the toxicity and radioprotective effects of the nanoparticles. The influence of these nanoparticles on the induction of genomic instability was determined using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Our results indicated that GANRA nanoparticles exhibited low toxicity, while protecting lymphoblasts from X-ray radiation-induced damage. Moreover, GANRA nanoparticles acted as free radical scavengers. GANRA nanoparticles could also alter the sensitivity of circulating microRNAs to radiation, as assessed by the relative microRNA expression in lymphoblasts. In conclusion, our results suggest that GANRA nanoparticles have potential use as safe and efficient radioprotectants.  
        关键词：GANRA nanoparticles;X-rays;microRNA/miRNA;Lymphoblast cells   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10
      • Fang DONG,Liying GAO,Hong ZHANG,Tao WANG,Hongyun GUO,Juntao RAN,Haonan GUO
        Vol. 35, Issue 3, (2017) DOI: 10.11889/j.1000-3436.2017.rrj.35.030202
        摘要：Peripheral blood that had been exposed to different doses of carbon ion beams and X-rays in female patients with breast cancer and cervical cancer was analyzed to observe the changes in lymphocyte subsets. The peripheral venous blood from women with cervical cancer (5 patients) and breast cancer (5 patients) was irradiated with carbon ion beams at 1, 2 GyE, X-rays at 1, 2 Gy, and 0 Gy (control), respectively, to test the lymphocyte subgroups. Using independent sample t-test to analyze the changes of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, NK cells, B cells, and CD4+/CD8+ in the two in-vitro blood samples, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the values in in-vitro blood of lymphocyte subgroup after exposure to carbon ion beams and X-rays at different doses. The CD4+ value increased with the dose in the breast cancer group and decreased in the cervical cancer group when irradiated with high linear-energy-transfer (LET) carbon ion beams. The NK cell value increased with the dose in the breast cancer group and decreased in the cervical cancer group when irradiated with 6 MV X-rays. The NK cell value was higher in 1 GyE dose group than that in the control group, while lower in 2 GyE dose group when irradiated with carbon ion beams. These results indicate that the in-vitro peripheral blood of the most common two malignant tumors in female reproductive system irradiated with high LET carbon ions and low LET 6 MV X-rays shows different immune response.  
        关键词：Female;Malignant tumor;Lymphocyte subsets;Radiotherapy;Carbon ion beam;X-rays   
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        发布时间：2021-12-10
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