最新刊期
卷 40 ， 期 1 ， 2022
- “环氧树脂辐射老化研究进展，分析了力学性能及热稳定性变化规律，为提高使用寿命提供解决方案。”摘要：Epoxy resin and its composites are widely employed in nuclear power plants and space vehicles owing to their superior mechanical strength, thermal stability, adhesion, and electrical insulation properties. Epoxy resins are exposed to high-energy radiations, which cause crosslinking and degradation reactions, resulting in the deterioration of microstructures and macroscopic properties. These performance degradations significantly affect the service life of the epoxy. In this study, the variations in mechanical property and thermal stability of epoxy resin under high-energy radiations are investigated. The influence of high-energy radiations on the crosslinking networks and segmental relaxation behaviors, including the radiolysis products and formation mechanism, is analyzed. Furthermore, the future research directions of epoxy resin radiation aging are prospected.关键词：Epoxy resin;Crosslinking and degradation;Radiation aging248|270|2更新时间：2025-03-01
- “辐射技术在半导体纳米材料合成与改性领域取得新进展，通过调节条件实现对材料形貌、尺寸等的调控。”摘要：This work highlights the radiation-induced syntheses of numerous semiconductor nanomaterials, including metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, polymers, surface precious metal nanoparticles deposition, and vacancy-defect semiconductors. The morphology, size, uniformity, and surface properties of semiconductor nanomaterials are controlled through parameters such as the dissolved oxygen content, pH, stabilizers, complexing agents, absorbed dose, and the dose rate.关键词：Radiation;Semiconductor;Nanoparticles;Nanomaterials;Radiolysis;Review184|355|0更新时间：2025-03-01
REVIEW
- “最新研究发现，通过γ射线辐射溶液共聚合制备的丙烯腈/4-乙烯基吡啶二元共聚物，可有效提高聚丙烯腈的亲水性，为聚丙烯腈亲水改性提供新思路。”摘要：The copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with a hydrophilic monomer is an effective way to prepare hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based functional materials. In this study, γ-ray radiation-induced copolymerization of AN and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was carried out. The chemical structure, molecular weight, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity of the synthesized copolymers were characterized. The γ-ray radiation could initiate the copolymerization of AN and 4-VP in DMSO at room temperature (0~35 ℃). The monomer conversion reached above 90% at the absorbed dose of 25 kGy, but the molecular weight of the copolymer depended on the dose rate. When the absorbed dose was 30 kGy, a P(AN-co-4-VP) random copolymer solution with a viscosity of 250 Pa⸱s was obtained directly after the monomer solution was irradiated by γ-rays at a lower dose rate of 11 Gy/min. The P(AN-co-4-VP) copolymer had a weight-average molecular weight of 1.34×105, and the relative content of AN and 4-VP units in the copolymer chains was identical to the feed ratio of AN and the 4-VP comonomer. When the dose rate exceeded 20 Gy/min, molecular weight of the synthesized copolymer decreased remarkably. Thermal properties of the P(AN-co-4-VP) random copolymer with the relative molar ratio of 4-VP to AN of 2% were generally the same as those of the PAN homopolymer. The 4-VP units in the polymer chains did not participate in the ring formation or crosslinking reaction of the side ‒C≡N groups. However, the water contact angle of the P(AN-co-4-VP) random copolymer decreased gradually with increase in 4-VP content, indicating that the introduction of 4-VP units can improve the hydrophilicity of the copolymers. This study provides a new idea for the hydrophilic modification of PAN as well as proves that DMSO solutions with a high mass fraction (>20%) of the homo- or copolymer of AN can be obtained directly via radiation-induced solution polymerization, thus expanding the potential applications of the high-energy radiation technique in the field of solution polymerization of AN.关键词：Radiation-induced solution polymerization;γ-ray;Acrylonitrile;4-Vinylpyridine;Hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile106|157|1更新时间：2025-03-01
- “在材料科学领域，研究揭示了γ射线辐照对超高分子量聚乙烯热稳定性和抗蠕变性能的显著提升，为制备高性能UHMWPE材料提供新方法。”摘要：The effects of γ-ray irradiation on the thermal stability and creep resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were studied. First, UHMWPE powder was hot pressed into 1 mm thick sheets using a vulcanization molding machine. The chemical structure, thermal stability, microstructure, tensile properties, and creep properties of the irradiated plate samples were studied. The results demonstrated that, after γ-ray irradiation, the melting points, crystallinity, and thermal stability increased; the gel content increased to 89%; and the motility of molecular chains decreased. Compared with the creep resistance of the unirradiated sample, that of the irradiated sample increased by approximately 40%. In this study, the thermal stability and creep resistance of UHMWPE were significantly improved via the radiation cross-linking process, which provided a method for the preparation of UHMWPE materials with high creep resistance and high thermal stability.关键词：Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE);γ-ray irradiation;Thermal stability;Creep property;Tensile property219|578|1更新时间：2025-03-01
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
- “据最新研究，长期毫米波辐射对雄性小鼠生殖系统有损伤效应，损伤随辐照时间延长而加重。”摘要：To investigate the detrimental effect of millimeter wave radiation on the reproductive system of male mice, millimeter waves with a frequency of 34.5 GHz and a power density of 10 mW/cm2 were used as radiation sources. Eight-week-old BALB/c male mice were irradiated for 2 h daily for 9 weeks in a fixed position. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue sections was performed weekly during radiation to detect testicular histomorphology in mice. In situ terminal transferase labeling staining was performed weekly to detect testicular apoptosis at weeks 4 to 9 of radiation. Evans blue was injected into the tail vein of each mouse to detect blood-testis barrier damage. Computer-assisted sperm analysis was used to detect epididymal sperm motility. The results showed that there were no abnormalities in all indices of the mice within 4 weeks of exposure. From week 5 of exposure, testicular injury occurred in the irradiated mice and primarily manifested as disorganized spermatogenic epithelium, increased apoptosis, disruption of the blood-testis barrier, and decreased sperm count and motility. The injury was aggravated with further irradiation time. The data suggest that long-term millimeter wave radiation causes reproductive damage in male mice, with a time-effect relationship between the damage and radiation.关键词：Millimeter wave radiation;Male reproduction;Testis;Apoptosis;Sperm96|165|1更新时间：2025-03-01
- “兰州百合多糖片段对小鼠骨髓细胞辐射损伤有保护作用，为辐射防护提供新策略。”摘要：This study focused on the radioprotective effects of Lanzhou lily polysaccharide fragment (LLP) on murine bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) subjected to X-ray-induced injury. The lily polysaccharide extract was prepared using the ultrasonic auxiliary hot water method, followed by purification using ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The average molecular weight of the extract was 8 629.8 Da. Unlike the control and simple irradiation groups, the murine model of acute radioactive injury model was treated with different amounts of LLPs. Each group was evaluated for the number of BMNCs, micronucleus ratio, DNA injury, and cyclical changes. The results revealed increased injury in the simple irradiation group than in the LLP-treated group. The number of BMNCs increased by 45.5% (p<0.01) and 49.0% (p<0.01) in the medium-and high-dose groups, respectively. The micronucleus ratio reduced by 7.2% (p<0.05), 33.5% (p<0.01), and 59.9% in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The tail moment and olive tail moment of the medium-and high-dose groups reduced by 51.2% (p<0.01), 58.2% (p<0.01), and 54.0% (p<0.01), and 60.5% (p<0.01), respectively. The fluorescence intensity of γH2AX reduced by 19.7% (p<0.01), 46.8% (p<0.01), and 61.0% (p<0.01) in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The apoptosis rate reduced by 43.7% (p<0.01), 45.5% (p<0.01), and 54.6% (p<0.01) in the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The ratio of G0/G1 cells significantly decreased in the medium-and high-dose groups (p<0.01). The ratio of S-phase cells significantly increased in the medium-and high-dose groups (p<0.01), whereas the ratio of G2/M phase cells significantly increased in the high-dose group (p<0.01). Collectively, these results indicate that LLP extract is effective in alleviating X-ray-induced damage in BMNC, reduced micronucleus ratio, and protects against X-ray-induced double strand breaks (DSB) and apoptosis. Thus, LLP extract may play an important role radioprotection against X-rays-induced damage in BMNCs.关键词：Lanzhou lily polysaccharide fragment (LLP);Mice;Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs);X-rays;Radiation protection98|136|0更新时间：2025-03-01
RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIOMEDICINE
- “在医用口罩辐照灭菌领域，研究团队验证了辐照技术对口罩性能的影响，发现辐照后口罩过滤效率降低，但可通过静电再生恢复。”摘要：In order to verify the technological feasibility of radiation sterilization for medical masks, three types of medical masks, namely, single-use, surgical, and protective masks, were sterilized by electron beam irradiation using a 10 MeV accelerator. The surface morphology, air permeability, mechanical properties, filtration performance, and microbiological criteria of the sterilized medical masks were investigated. After irradiation, no clear damage on the morphology of the melt-blown, inner, and outer layers of the medical masks (data not shown) was observed. Moreover, the air permeability showed no distinct change. The microbiological criteria of single-use and surgical masks met the requirements of the GB 15979-2002 standard; however, those of the protective masks did not. All samples were successfully sterilized after irradiation with an absorbed dose of 4 kGy. Moreover, the particle filtration efficiency, which is a key factor, was significantly decreased after irradiation. To elucidate the mechanism and to determine the filtration efficiency of the medical masks, electrostatic generators were used to charge and regenerate the masks. The particle filtration efficiency reached 60%–90% of the original value after treatment. Although the particle filtration efficiency of the irradiated masks was considerably recovered after charging and regeneration, the tensile strength at break, elongation at break, and particle filtration efficiency of the masks underwent irreversible decrement after irradiation. The results indicate that damage to the melt-blown layers occurred owing to the radiation degradation of polypropylene fibers. Moreover, because the function of medical masks mainly depends on the electrostatic filtration efficiency, radiation sterilization was not found to be a suitable sterilization method, and radiation sterilization processing can only be applied to a novel mask that does not rely on electrostatic filtration.关键词：Medical mask;Irradiation sterilization;Particle filtration efficiency154|260|1更新时间：2025-03-01
- “据最新研究，医疗保健产品辐照加工工艺得到优化，专家详细测量分析了电子束剂量分布，为医疗保健产品辐照应用提供重要指导。”摘要：The single- and double-side dose distributions of 10 MeV electron beam irradiation were measured and extensively analyzed to optimize the irradiation process for medical and health care products. To this end, the optimal penetration depth and depth dose distribution curves of an electron beam were measured and analyzed in three uniform materials with varying densities: a PE board, Chevrolet board, and high-density high-pressure foam board. The results demonstrated that the dose uniformity ratio range of double-side irradiation was approximately 1.0–2.6. The maximum acceptable dose variation for medical and health care products should be a minimum of 2.6 times that of the minimum sterilization dose. A region on the depth curve of an electron beam dose could be selected according to the ratio between the maximum acceptable dose and the minimum sterilization dose; alternatively, the absorbed dose for health care products could be controlled by optimizing the packaging form to improve the irradiation mode and pretreatment of the product. This study demonstrated the importance of effective radiation sterilization for medical and health care products.关键词：Electron beam;Accelerator;Health care products;Maximum acceptable dose;Dose control;Dose uniformity ratio118|194|1更新时间：2025-03-01
RADIATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
- “最新研究报道，科研人员采用溶胶凝胶法和反相悬浮法结合制备了钴/锰印迹交联壳聚糖树脂，并通过硫脲改性合成了钴/锰印迹硫脲-壳聚糖树脂。实验表明，该树脂对Co2+和Mn2+具有快速吸附和高选择性吸附能力，为重金属离子的分离提供了新途径。”摘要：A cobalt/manganese-imprinted adsorbent grafted with thiourea (T-Co/Mn-CTS) was synthesized through the combination of the amino groups of thiourea with imprinted chitosan (Co/Mn-CTS) by using a sol-gel method along with a reverse-phase suspension method. Cobalt chloride and manganese chloride were employed as imprint molecules. The structures of the adsorbents were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of static adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption of Co2+ and Mn2+ occurred in the first 0.5 h, and the absorption capacity of T-Co/Mn-CTS for these ions was higher than that of Co/Mn-CTS. The selective adsorption performance of the template-imprinted-chitosan resin was better than that of the non-imprinted-chitosan resin, in the presence of other ions. The effect of interfering ions on the adsorption performance for Mn2+ was greater than that for Co2+. Dynamic adsorption experiments indicated that the breakthrough volumes of Co2+ and Mn2+ were 110 BV and 14 BV, respectively, with the corresponding breakthrough curves being symmetrical S-type and unsymmetrical S-type.关键词：Chitosan;Imprint;Thiourea;Selective adsorption94|171|0更新时间：2025-03-01
- “科技媒体新闻记者播报：钙基金属有机骨架材料表面负载银离子，制备出耐γ射线辐照的载银材料，对Xe吸附能力显著，为处理放射性尾气提供新方案。”摘要：The Ca-based organic framework (Ca-SINAP-1) loaded with silver was successfully prepared, which has a certain γ-ray irradiation resistance of 50 kGy. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area analysis, and pore volume analysis were used to characterize the sample and its Xe adsorption capacity. The results showed that loading of silver on the sample surface did not change the original structure of Ca-SINAP-1. However, the Xe uptake reached a maximum of 3.29 mmol/g and the Xe/Kr separation coefficient was 10.71 when silver loading was 0.93%. With increasing AgNO3 concentration in ethanol, the Xe adsorption quantity decreased because excess silver loading blocked the channels, and thus prevented Xe adsorption. The good irradiation resistance and high Xe/Kr selectivity make Ca-SINAP-1 a potential material for treating radioactive off-gas emitted from molten salt reactors.关键词：γ-ray irradiation;Xe/Kr adsorption and separation;Silver-load;Metal-organic framework;Molten salt reactor116|131|0更新时间：2025-03-01
- “据最新报道，研究人员利用钴-60伽马辐射合成了聚4-乙烯基吡啶改性的介孔二氧化硅微球，并通过季铵化处理，实现了对铼（VII）的高效吸附，为放射性废液处理提供了新思路。”摘要：In this study, poly 4-vinylpyridine-modified multilayered mesoporous silica (FS-VP) was synthesized by radiation grafting, and the effects of the synthesis conditions on the grafting ratio were investigated. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the grafting ratio of FS-VP reached the maximum value of 27.8% under the following conditions: 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) monomer concentration, 50%; radiation dose rate, 3 kGy/h; and absorbed dose, 72 kGy. In addition, quaternized FS-VP (FS-VPQ) was prepared, and its adsorption performance for Re(VII) was also studied. The adsorption capacities were the maximum at pH 2 and 3. The adsorption isotherm of FS-VPQ for Re(VII) conformed to the Langmuir model. The saturated adsorption capacity reached 68.0 mg/g at pH 3. The high adsorption capacity was attributed to the high specific surface area of the multilayered pore structure and the two inherent positive charges of the adsorbent after quaternization. Moreover, due to the high mass transfer rate resulting from the multilayered pore structure, FS-VPQ reached adsorption equilibrium within 3 min. The findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for Re separation and enrichment technology, and also can serve as reference for the separation of Tc from radioactive waste liquids.关键词：Hierarchically mesoporous SiO2;Radiation grafting;Quaternization modification;Adsorption;Technetium (Rhenium)118|76|0更新时间：2025-03-01
RADIATION INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
- “中国科学院上海应用物理研究所钴源与加速器辐照效应及辐照加工试验平台，为核能、辐照灭菌和功能材料研发等领域提供独特优势和不可替代作用。”摘要：Irradiation technology has unique advantages and an invaluable role in nuclear energy, sterilization, and functional materials development. This paper introduces an integrated 60Co and electron accelerator platform for irradiation effect and irradiation processing tests at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The 0.5 MeV electron irradiation experimental device can be used for the continuous processing of film and fiber samples, while the 1.5 MeV device can be mainly used for the intermittent irradiation testing of small products. This fills the domestic gap in the beta irradiation testing of third-generation nuclear power plants in China, which is of great significance in promoting the localization of nuclear power equipment. Both, columnar source and double plate source 60Co gamma irradiation test equipment have been developed, which are suitable for testing irregularly shaped samples. In addition, the irradiation-related detection equipment includes an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer and an alanine dosimeter, which can be used for free-radical detection, dose tracking, and the calibration of materials after irradiation.关键词：Irradiation technology;Cobalt-source;Gamma rays;Electron accelerators;Beta rays363|292|1更新时间：2025-03-01
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