最新刊期
卷 43 ， 期 5 ， 2025
- “辐射诱导技术在有机-无机杂化材料制备领域取得新进展，为高性能杂化材料设计与规模化制备提供新思路。”摘要：Organic-inorganic hybrid materials overcome the limitations of single materials via the synergistic effect of organic and inorganic constituents, achieving high performance and multi-functionality. However, there are still challenges during preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, such as non-uniform distribution of components, reduced porosity, and poor interfacial compatibility. Radiation-induced synthesis provides an effective way to address these challenges by tuning energy transfer and reaction pathways. This review summarizes recent advancements in radiation-induced synthesis techniques for organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The direct method employs radiation sources (e.g., γ-rays and electron beams) to generate reactive species (radicals and ions), facilitating the recombination of chemical bonds and allowing rapid synthesis under ambient conditions. Representative examples include the eco-friendly synthesis of Ag/PVA hybrid hydrogels and the enhancement of the photocatalytic performance by ZIF-8@ZnO heterostructures. The indirect method introduce functional groups (e.g., carboxyl and amino groups) onto organic substrates by radiation grafting, promoting in situ growth of inorganic components and solving the problem of interfacial compatibility, as demonstrated in metal-organic framework (MOF)-immobilized nylon fabrics and (222)-oriented NH₂-ZIF-8@HF gas separation membranes. Hybrid materials prepared by radiation induced method exhibit exceptional performance across diverse fields, including catalysis (e.g., the degradation rate of nitroaromatics has been enhanced by nearly 100-fold), separation (oil-water separation flux reaches 16.6 L/(m2·h·kPa)), electrochemistry (the durability of flexible sensors has been improved), and mechanical properties (the strength of CNT composites has been enhanced to 1.89 GPa/(g·cm-3)). This technique provides new ideas for the design and large-scale preparation of high-performance hybrid materials.关键词：Radiation;Organic-inorganic hybrid materials;Preparation;Performance47|37|0更新时间：2025-10-21
- “核工程领域中子吸收材料研究取得新进展，专家系统综述了含硼金属基与陶瓷基复合材料的设计、性能优化及工程应用，为核能安全高效利用提供理论参考。”摘要：With the advancement of nuclear engineering applications, increasingly stringent requirements have been imposed on the performance of neutron-absorbing materials. This article systematically reviews recent research progress in neutron-absorbing materials for nuclear facilities, with a focus on the design, performance optimization, and engineering applications of boron-containing metal-matrix composites (MMCs) and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), while briefly introducing other neutron absorbers. Boron-containing metallic materials, such as boron steels and boron-aluminum alloys, exhibit favorable processability and mechanical strength but suffer from challenges including boron segregation and irradiation-induced embrittlement. These limitations can be significantly mitigated through microalloying and optimized thermo-mechanical processing. In contrast, ceramic-based materials, particularly boron carbide (B4C), demonstrate exceptional neutron absorption capacity and thermal stability. However, their intrinsic brittleness and irradiation-induced amorphization necessitate strategies such as incorporating a toughening phase and engineering interfaces. Additionally, novel design of materials, including high-entropy alloys, offer promising pathways for enhancing irradiation resistance and multifunctional integration. Despite these advances, critical challenges persist, including the efficiency of fast neutron absorption, mechanical properties, long-term irradiation stability, and the development of precision manufacturing techniques. Future research directions encompass the optimization of multicomponent composite systems, artificial intelligence-assisted material design, and the integration of advanced fabrication technologies. This review aims to provide theoretical insights for the safe and efficient utilization of nuclear energy while fostering continued innovation in neutron-absorbing material technologies.关键词：Neutron-absorbing materials;Nuclear radiation shielding;Boron-based materials;Material modification;Engineering applications52|105|0更新时间：2025-10-21
REVIEW
- “最新研究揭示，通过γ辐射诱导合成的氧化锌纳米材料，能有效提升光电器件性能，为量子点发光二极管和钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层设计提供绿色新方案。”摘要：This study employs a γ-radiation-induced synthesis method to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) and metal-doped ZnO (M-ZnO, M = Mg/Li/Al/Ga/Ni/Fe) nanomaterials for enhancing the performance of electron transport layers (ETLs) in optoelectronic devices. Using a 60Co irradiation facility (dose rate: 6.25 kGy/h), precursor solutions were irradiated at doses of 40-200 kGy to achieve low-temperature, high-efficiency crystallization. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope characterization revealed that a 150 kGy dose optimized ZnO grain size and crystallinity, forming rod-like structures, with UV-vis absorption spectra indicating a bandgap of 3.03 eV. Doping experiments demonstrated that Ni/Al/Ga enhanced fluorescence intensity (400-450 nm), while Fe/Li doping significantly reduced current density in single-layer ETL devices (J-V curve tests) while maintaining >70% visible-light transmittance. Compared to traditional sol-gel methods, γ-irradiated ZnO exhibited a lower bandgap (2.90-3.19 eV) without high-temperature treatment. Device performance validation confirmed that Fe/Li-doped ZnO effectively balanced carrier transport and defect suppression, offering a green synthesis strategy for ETL design in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) and perovskite solar cells.关键词：Zinc oxide;γ-ray irradiation;Electron transport layer;Doping;Low-temperature synthesis34|52|0更新时间：2025-10-21
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
- “本研究提出了一种基于数字微流控芯片的18F-AlF-NOTA-奥曲肽合成新工艺，有效解决了传统合成方法中的技术复杂、成本高、生产效率低等问题，为临床PET示踪剂的合成提供了一种高效、低成本、环保的新策略。”摘要：This study proposes a new synthesis process for 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide based on digital microfluidic chip technology. Through electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) technology, parallel multi-channel synthesis was achieved on the microfluidic chip, effectively addressing issues such as technical complexity, high costs, low production efficiency, and concerns related to safety and environmental protection in conventional synthesis methods. Under the optimized reaction conditions (reaction temperature of 120 °C, reaction time of 5 min, precursor concentration of 0.2 mg/mL), the highest radiochemical yield reached 24.85%, and the radiochemical purity of the product was greater than 99.0%. This method significantly reduced initial equipment investment (by 50%-60%) and the cost per synthesis (by 71%-72%), while also shortening the synthesis time to 15-20 min and reducing radioactive waste generation. This process offers an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly new strategy for the synthesis of clinical PET tracers.关键词：Digital microfluidic chip;Radiopharmaceutical;Fluorine-18;NOTA-octreotide85|38|0更新时间：2025-10-21
- “在辐射生物效应研究领域，专家建立了两种剂量率下微核剂量-效应曲线，为生物剂量估算提供技术支撑和理论依据。”摘要：To establish and compare the dose-effect curves of human lymphocyte micronucleus induced by 60Co γ rays at two dose rates. Blood samples in vitro were irradiated with 60Co γ rays at dose rates of 0.318 9 Gy/min and 0.635 0 Gy/min, with absorbed doses of 0 Gy, 0.25 Gy, 0.50 Gy, 0.75 Gy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 3 Gy, 4 Gy, and 5 Gy. Lymphocyte cultures were performed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) method. Then the micronucleus (MN) rate and micronucleus cell (MN cell) rate were analyzed and calculated to fit the dose-effect curve. The results showed that under both dose rates, the MN rates increased with increasing absorbed dose, and the fitted dose-effect curves conformed to the quadratic polynomial model. The increase in the MN rate with the absorbed dose at the dose rate of 0.635 0 Gy/min was greater than that at 0.318 9 Gy/min. The results above indicate that the micronuclear dose-effect curves at two dose rates were successfully established, providing technical support and a theoretical basis for more accurate biological dose estimation and study on the biological effects.关键词：60Co γ-ray;Micronucleus rate;Dose rate;Dose-effect curve;Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method81|70|0更新时间：2025-10-21
RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIOMEDICINE
- “沅江芦笋副产物笋壳经脱盐、辐照和有机酸催化处理后，可高效制备低聚木糖，转化率达65.88%，为食品工业提供新原料。”摘要：In this study, the effects of desalination, irradiation, and organic-acid catalysis on the hydrothermal preparation of xylo-oligosaccharides from the byproducts of Yuanjiang Miscanthus lutarioriparius shoot shells were investigated. The conversion rate of xylo-oligosaccharides was used as an evaluation index, thrice soaked desalination of Yuanjiang Miscanthus lutarioriparius shoot shell were used as materials, and the acetic-acid concentration (v/v), absorbed dose, hydrothermal temperature, and time were selected as influencing factors. A four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was performed to optimize the preparation process of xylo-oligosaccharides. The results showed that the salt content reduced to 1.48%, whereas the xylan content increased to 17.34% after soaked desalinization thrice of Yuanjiang Miscanthus lutarioriparius shoot shells. The conversion rate of xylo-oligosaccharides reached 55.18% after hydrothermal treatment at 180 ℃ for 30 min. The optimum conditions for preparing xylo-oligosaccharides were as follows: acetic-acid concentration, 0.2% (v/v); absorbed dose, 200 kGy; hydrothermal treatment temperature and time, 160 ℃/30 min. Under these conditions, the conversion rate and mass concentration of xylo-oligosaccharides were 65.88% and 11.53 g/L, respectively.关键词：Xylo-oligosaccharides;Yuanjiang Miscanthus lutarioriparius shoot shell;Electron beam irradiation treatment;Hydrothermal treatment;Acetic acid39|48|0更新时间：2025-10-21
- “我国辐照食品标准体系及检测指导规范研究取得进展，为规范辐照食品市场、保护消费者知情权提供有力支撑。”摘要：This paper studies China's standard system for irradiated foods and its detection guidance protocols. Through analyzing China's standard system for irradiated foods, the standard system for detection methods, and related research trends, and considering the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of detection methods, this study conducts research on the detection guidance specifications based on the matching of food matrix characteristics and identification methods for the eight major categories of food allowed for irradiation in China. This research identifies some problems in China's irradiated food standard system, including insufficient alignment with international standards and absence of regulatory provisions for emerging food categories. To address these shortcomings, the paper proposes rationalized recommendations for improving China's irradiated food standards. Key proposals include supplementing missing testing standards, optimizing inspection procedures, and updating parameters for instrumentation. By employing scientifically and appropriate methodological selection and application, the accuracy and efficiency of irradiated food identification can be effectively enhanced. This provides robust support for regulating the irradiated food market and safeguarding consumer rights to information in China.关键词：Irradiated food;Inspection standards;Identification;Testing guidance62|116|0更新时间：2025-10-21
RADIATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
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Safety assessment electromagnetic exposure of car drivers by lightning electromagnetic pulse 封底论文 AI导读
“全球汽车产业高速发展，雷电电磁脉冲引发电磁安全问题。研究利用COMSOL软件，评估驾驶员电磁暴露水平，为车辆电磁防护设计提供理论依据。”摘要：The rapid advancement of the global automotive industry has heightened concerns regarding electromagnetic safety issues induced by lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP). This study utilizes COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software to develop a numerical model that incorporates lightning channels, a driver, and a car, with a specific focus on electromagnetic exposure levels at varying distances. The results show that when the distance (ds) from the lightning strike origin point to the car is 11.8 m, the peak magnetic flux density (B) and induced electric field (E) in the driver’s body reach 16.3 μT and 0.329 V/m, respectively, representing 60.37% and 48.74% of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) public exposure limits. In the midsagittal plane of head tissues, peak B and E values measure 14.8 μT and 0.431 V/m, corresponding to 54.81% and 63.87% of ICNIRP limits. Compared to metallic materials (steel and aluminum alloy), non-metallic materials (carbon fiber) exhibit higher magnetic field permeability, with aluminum alloy shells demonstrating superior transient magnetic field shielding effectiveness versus steel shells. The distance (ds) significantly influences electromagnetic dosage: increased distance from the lightning channel radiation source yields greater safety margins for B in head tissues, with 8 m identified as the critical safety distance. Optimal material selection proves crucial for mitigating driver electromagnetic exposure, and maintaining safe distances under LEMP conditions prevents health risks to drivers. These findings provide theoretical foundations for car electromagnetic protection design.关键词：Car;Lightning electromagnetic pulse;Electromagnetic exposure;Car body material;Numerical dosimetry43|133|0更新时间：2025-10-21
RADIATION PROTECTION
- “在低剂量X射线探测和成像领域，研究人员制备了辐射剂量响应优异的塑料闪烁光纤及新型闪烁光纤阵列，为相关技术发展提供新方向。”摘要：This study aims to prepare plastic scintillating fibers (PSF) with excellent radiation dose response and radiation stability, as well as novel scintillating fiber arrays with outstanding X-ray imaging performance and multifunctional characteristics. Rare earth complexes and organic compounds were used as dopants, and the Teflon method was adopted to prepare red, green, and blue plastic scintillating fibers (marked as PSF-R, PSF-G, and PSF-B, respectively). By regulating the arrangement and geometric structure of the three-color plastic scintillating fibers, various types of plastic scintillating fiber arrays were prepared. PSF-R, PSF-G, and PSF-B all exhibit excellent radiation response characteristics, with dose detection limits of 0.555 μGy/s, 2.775 μGy/s, and 2.22 μGy/s, respectively—all of which are lower than the standard dose for X-ray diagnosis (5.5 μGy/s). The prepared fiber arrays can effectively perform X-ray imaging on millimeter-scale objects. The plastic scintillating fibers and fiber arrays prepared in this study have significant application potential in the field of low-dose X-ray detection and imaging.关键词：Pastic scintillators;X-ray detection;Plastic scintillating fibers;Fiber arrays84|101|0更新时间：2025-10-21
- “核电厂辐射场研究取得新进展，专家提出110mAg辐射源项控制新工艺，有效降低辐射影响，为同类型机组提供借鉴。”摘要：During the operation of nuclear power plants, various radiation source terms are generated, primarily fission products and activated corrosion products, which significantly influence the radiation field within the plant. After controlling 58Co and 60Co,110mAg has emerged as the primary contributor to the radiation field following the shutdown of certain nuclear power plants. As a high-radiation nuclide, 110mAg plays a significant role in the radiation field, accounting for 10%-15% of the collective dose. This paper analyzes the radiation impact and morphological changes of 110mAg. By examining its variation trend of 110mAg during the shutdown period of water-water high-energy reactor（VVER）-type units, concluded that the morphology of 110mAg began to transform into an ionic state and is released in large quantities after nitrogen purging and unsealing of the primary circuit. At this stage, a new purification process was proposed and implemented. This process does not rely on the operation of the main pump but instead integrates multiple auxiliary systems to effectively control the 110mAg source term, significantly reducing its impact. Consequently, the purification efficiency of 110mAg in the primary circuit reached 91.6%, the reactor building’s radiation index decreased by 40%-60%, and the collective dose during major overhauls was reduced by approximately 50 man·mSv. These findings offer a valuable reference for similar nuclear units.关键词：Water-water high-energy reactor;Radiation source;110mAg;Purification process18|14|0更新时间：2025-10-21
RADIATION INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
- “在柔性电路制造领域，研究者提出了基于紫外固化技术的新型制造方法，有效应对市场需求，为低成本、高效制造柔性电路提供新思路。”摘要：With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, the pace of research, development, and iteration in devices and sensors has significantly accelerated. Accordingly, the market demand for flexible circuits has become increasingly diversified, emphasizing the need for shorter preparation cycles and expanding the requirement for small-batch, customized flexible circuits. This study proposes a novel method for fabricating flexible circuits based on ultraviolet (UV) curing technology. Specifically, circuit patterns were successfully constructed on flexible film and fabric substrates through directed UV curing, and flexible circuits were fabricated using Ag/Fe₃O₄-catalyzed electroless copper plating to address these challenges. This method operates under mild conditions (45 ℃), without the need for high-temperature sintering or complex equipment. Experimental results demonstrate that the flexible circuits on both substrates exhibit excellent conductivity, mechanical durability, and environmental stability. The film-based flexible circuits showed a resistance change of ≤14.6% after 5 000 rubbing cycles, while the fabric-based circuits exhibited a 17.6% change after 2 000 cycles. The proposed approach also offers reparability and compatibility with heat-sensitive substrates, providing a new strategy for low-cost and efficient manufacturing of flexible circuits.关键词：Flexible circuit;UV curing;Electroless copper plating;Ag/Fe3O412|14|0更新时间：2025-10-21
- “最新研究发现，DAPhen类萃取剂在正辛醇中的辐解机理，揭示了其分解的主要还原性物种，为提高DAPhen辐射稳定性提供策略。”摘要：2,9-Diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (DAPhen) exhibits excellent capability of group separation for actinides. Elucidating the radiolysis mechanism of DAPhen is of great significance for its structural optimization and practical application. The radiolysis mechanisms of three kinds of DAPhen in 1-octanol were studied by pulse radiolysis, of which the results demonstrated that reductive degradation predominated the DAPhen radiolysis in 1-octanol. DAPhen had high reactivities with both solvated electrons (esol-) and α-hydroxyoctyl radicals. Rate constants between esol- and N,N'-dioctyl-N,N'-dioctyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (OOD), N,N'-diethyl-N,N'-diethyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (EED) and N,N'-diethyl-N,N'-ditolyl-2,9-diamide-1,10-phenanthroline (ETD) were approximately 2.3×109 L/(mol·s), 1.9×109 L/(mol·s), and 1.5×109 L/(mol·s), respectively. Those of α-hydroxyoctyl radicals with OOD, EED and ETD were about 2.1×108 L/(mol·s), 1.1×108 L/(mol·s), and 2.7×108 L/(mol·s), respectively. Solvated electrons and α-hydroxyoctyl radicals were the primary reductive species inducing DAPhen radiolysis. Further studies showed that in N2O saturated 1-octanol equilibrated by HNO3, reductive species could be synergistically scavenged by N2O and HNO3. This work revealed the elementary reactions of DAPhen radiolysis and proposed a universal strategy to enhance radiation stability of DAPhen through suppressing elementary reactions. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing practical protection strategies for DAPhen in spent nuclear fuel reprocessing.关键词：Diamide phenanthroline;1-octanol;Pulse radiolysis;Reductive degradation;Radiation stability13|11|0更新时间：2025-10-21
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