In order to explore the expression and significance of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and TGFβ-R1 in the testis of mice after whole-body exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP), twenty adult Balb/c mice were irradiated with EMP of 400 kV/m for 200 times to the whole body and other twenty adult Balb/c mice were sham irradiated in the same condition. Specimens were harvested on 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after irradiation. Changes in cellular localization and expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and TGFβ-R1 were examined by immunohistochemical ABC method. Quantitative analysis of the immunostaining was made by an image analysis system. In the seminiferous tubules, the expression or localization of TGF-β1, TGF-β3 and TGFβ-R1 in the irradiated groups were significantly different from the control groups. These results indicate that TGF-β1, TGF-β3, TGFβ-R1 and the mediated signal pathway may play an important role in the process of impairment and repair of mouse testis irradiated by EMP.