The oxidized damage models of the skins of guinea pigs caused by single dose and repeating UVB radiation were established. The preventive effects of recombinant protein PTD-SOD1 and PTD-SOD2 compared with wide-type SOD on the oxidized damage of ultraviolet B radiation were then studied. The color change of the skins of the back of guinea pigs were recorded with a digital camera and analyzed with Photoshop software. The degree of erythema was evaluated by measuring the a* value which indicated the amount of redness in the skin. An increment of a* values indicates the development of erythema. It has been proved that compared with wide-type SOD, both PTD-SOD1 and PTD-SOD2 can well prevent the damage of the skin of guinea pigs by single dose UVB radiation and PTD-SOD2 is the better one. The bell-shaped dose–response curves can be seen when the oxidized damage of guinea pigs is caused by single dose ultraviolet B radiation and protected by exogenous PTD-SOD. The two PTD-SOD proteins are effective in prevention of cutaneous damage caused by UVB irradiation when the guinea pigs are administered 2000 U proteins 0.5 h before irradiation, beyond which protection is lost and injury is even exacerbated. The PTD-SOD proteins have been proved to have a far better protective effect than that of wild-type SOD on repeating ultraviolet B radiation too. The results are confirmed by the histomophological analysis of the guinea pigs skin.