To investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on the acute hematopoietic sickness induced in mice. BMP, rhBMP —2m and PBK/ hBMP —2 — NIH3T3 cells were prepared as previously discribed. In this study,the effect of BMPs on hematopoiesis included some hematological parameters. The survival ratio on the 30th d post irradiation and formation of bone marrow CFU — GM colomies were detected. The experiments indicate that pbBMP (purified bovine bone morphogenetic protein) could increase the formation of bone marrow CFU—GM colomies (,p,<,0.05) at 10 th d after irradiation. rhBMP—2m increased the survival rate of mice irradiated by 7.5Gy. All mice in control group died in 30day,S, while 10%, 15%and 35% mice survived when they were injected ip with 0.5mg, 1.0mg and 2.0mg of rhBMP—2m respectively. All hematological parameters of treated mice were significantly higher than those of control group (,p,<,0.01). PBK/ hBMP—2—NIH3T3 cells were established and transplanted into mice irradiated by 7.0Gy γ ray by i. p. The survival r atio of treated mice higher than that of negative control group (,p,<,0.01), and all hematopoietic parameters were increased statistically significantly (,p,<,0.01). These data supported our hypothesis: BMPs can be used for the tratement of the acute radiation sickness. The results indicated that in adult mice, BMPs could recover the hematopoietic injury from acute radiation sickness.