To observe the genotoxicity induced by uranium dust in BEAS-2B cells and the protective effect of tea polyphenol, the cells were divided into three groups as control group, uranium dust group (high, medium and low dose group), tea polyphenols protection  group, using the micronucleus multicore experiments, comet assay, the HPRT gene mutation detection and analysis of chromosome studies of uranium dust bronchial epithelial cells with the genotoxic effects of tea polyphenols protective effect. BEAS-2B cells exposed to uranium ore dust, compared with the control group, the number of comet cells (high dose group 156.75±8.26), tail length (high dose group 164.48±12.11μm), tail length (high dose group, 109.92±10.53) are significant increased (p<0.05), and the dose-effect relationship; tea polyphenols have a significant inhibitory effect. Uranium dust-induced micro-nucleated cells (high dose group and 120.25 ‰), the increase in multinucleated cells (high dose group and 74.50 ‰), tea polyphenols inhibit multinucleated cells increased micronucleus (p<0.05). The role of uranium dust in the BEAS-2B cells caused the increase in the HPRT gene mutation rate (high dose group and 1.092 ‰), tea polyphenols can effectively reduce the HPRT gene mutation rate. Chromosome analysis showed that by the transformed cells, there may be instability of chromosome aberrations after exposure, and tea polyphenols can inhibit chromosomal aberrations. The uranium dust has a strong genetic toxicity, and has a protective effect of tea polyphenols on the genetic toxicity of the uranium ore dust.Cited