Differing from high dose/high dose rate ionizing radiation which only induce an acute tissue damage effect when interacting with organisms, low dose/low dose rate ionizing radiation will induce chronic stochastic effects, hormetic effects and adaptive response under certain conditions. In this paper, the definition of low dose/low dose rate radiation and some theoretical and practical problems currently existing in the biological effect research of the low dose/low dose rate radiation, a systematic review of the biological effects induced by low dose/dose rate radiation and some characteristics of the effects are introduced.Cited