Space mutation breeding is an important soybean breeding method in the new variety creation process. Currently, periodical progress in soybean space mutation breeding has been made in China. There were four space mutation soybean varieties that had been approved by national or provincial crop variety examination and approving committee and more soybean strains participated in the national or provincial regional tests and production tests. The breeding technique studies including material selection, progeny selection and the time and methods selection have been carried out deeply. The mutagenic effects on agronomic traits and resistance have been fully research. The studies formed a technical system, which guided the soybean space mutation breeding. It discussed the space mutation breeding applications on mutagenic molecular mechanism and marker-assisted selection. The study indicated mutagenic mechanism and screening techniques would be the key in the future research. In order to improve the level and efficiency of soybean space-flight mutation breeding, the cooperation and communication on breeding materials and technologies between the breeding institutes should be strengthened.Cited