The work is to observe retinal histopathology in rabbits at different hours after exposure to high peak power microwaves (HPPM), and to determine acute retina injury induced by microwaves. Twenty-eight Chinchilla rabbits were randomized into sham group and exposure groups of 0h, 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h and 72h after the exposure, and received sham exposure or 90W/cm,2, microwave exposure for 15min. The acute effects of retinal histopathology after HPPM exposure were investigated by measuring the retinal layer thickness and cell counts of INL and GCL. The retina of all exposure groups have histopathological changes. The key time point was 6h after exposure. Thickness of the retina layer decreased significantly and the cell counts of INL and GCL increased significantly at 72h after exposure. Effects of the retinal histopathology have regular relation with the time after exposure. HPPM may bring about obviously early retina injure, as is evidenced by the histopathological effects that show the time-dependent feature.