最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 4 ， 2026
- 摘要：Sodium-cooled fast reactors represent a critical technological pathway for closed nuclear fuel cycles and the sustainable nuclear energy development. Owing to their well-balanced comprehensive performance, austenitic stainless steels have been adopted as key structural materials for fuel cladding in fast reactors. However, during service, they are subjected to extreme environments, such as high temperatures and intense neutron irradiation, which lead to irradiation-induced hardening, swelling, and embrittlement. Among these, irradiation swelling is recognized as the most critical issue limiting cladding lifetime. The degradation of macroscopic properties originates from the evolution of irradiation-induced microstructures. This article systematically reviews research progress on the microstructural changes in austenitic stainless steel claddings for fast reactors following neutron irradiation. It focused on elucidating the evolution mechanisms of dislocation loops and dislocation networks, the nucleation and growth of cavities (voids and bubbles) and the resulting irradiation swelling behavior; as well as the formation conditions, compositional characteristics, and evolution of thermal-aged precipitates and irradiation-induced precipitates (such as the γ′ phase, G-phase, and phosphides). The role of radiation-induced segregation (RIS) as a central driver of microchemical redistribution was analyzed in depth. The influence of the aforementioned microstructural evolution on the macroscopic properties of the materials was also discussed. Finally, the review summarizes existing research achievements, points out key challenges in current studies,such as the precise characterization of vacancy-type dislocation loops, formation mechanisms of γ′ and G-phases, and controlling mechanisms of stable phosphides—and suggested future research directions. These include employing advanced characterization techniques, such as in-situ transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, to reveal underlying micro-mechanisms. This review provides an important reference for a deeper understanding of irradiation damage mechanisms in fast reactor cladding materials and for the design of a new generation of radiation-resistant materials.关键词：Sodium-cooled fast reactor;Austenitic stainless steel;Cladding material;Irradiation damage;Microstructure evolution;Precipitates;Irradiation swelling;Irradiation-induced segregation6|33|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：As an implementation approach for coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) technology, scanning coherent diffraction imaging (SCDI) has partially overcome the limitations of traditional CDI algorithms, such as slow convergence rate, reconstruction stagnation, and non-unique reconstruction solutions. However, it still suffers from inherent drawbacks and challenges, including position errors, noise interference, incomplete source coherence, and long imaging duration. Among these issues, position errors, which are unique to SCDI compared with other microscopic imaging techniques, significantly degrade the final imaging quality. Focusing on this critical factor, this paper first presents the research background of SCDI and summarizes various factors affecting reconstruction quality. Subsequently, it elaborates on position error correction methods in the imaging workflow, the application of deep learning in this field, and various evaluation methods for error correction performance. Finally, this paper summarizes the current progress and prospects the future development trends. This work provides a reference for exploring imaging quality improvement methods of SCDI, and is of important guiding significance for its applications in X-ray imaging.关键词：Scanning coherent diffraction imaging;Local position error;Global position error;Deep learning20|36|0更新时间：2026-08-25
REVIEW
- 摘要：This study employs X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the chemical morphology and phase structure of the oxide film formed on a Zr-Sn-Nb alloy surface under the coupled effect of low neutron fluence (4.8×1018 cm-2) irradiation and in-reactor water chemistry corrosion. The results show that, in addition to the stable monoclinic ZrO2, suboxides (ZrOₓ) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) are detected on the oxide film surface at etching depths of 0 μm (surface), 0.2 μm, and 0.7 μm, indicating that the irradiation-corrosion coupling effect significantly broadens the spatial distribution range of suboxides. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the irradiation-induced introduction of high concentrations of oxygen vacancies and Zr³⁺. These findings demonstrate that the coupled effect of low neutron fluence irradiation and water chemistry corrosion significantly modulates the microstructural defect characteristics of the zirconium alloy oxide film, providing important experimental evidence for understanding the evolution mechanism of the oxide film during the initial in-reactor service period of zirconium alloys.关键词：Zirconium alloy;In-reactor irradiation-corrosion coupling;Oxide film;Chemical morphology41|73|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：Carbon black-filled polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane was modified by electron beam (EB) irradiation at absorbed doses of 0 kGy, 10 kGy, 25 kGy, and 50 kGy. The dose-dependent variations in microstructure, thermal transitions, dynamic mechanical properties, and wear resistance were systematically investigated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), tensile testing, tribological testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that EB irradiation predominantly induced crosslinking within the investigated dose range. With increasing dose, tensile strength improved from 41.70 MPa to 48.46 MPa, while elongation at break increased from 800% to 840%. DSC analysis revealed that both the melting and crystallization temperatures increased with increasing dose, while the melting enthalpy initially decreased and then increased, indicating a non-monotonic effect of irradiation on crystallization behavior, with enhanced thermal stability of ordered structures at high doses. DMA results showed that the 25 kGy sample exhibited the highest rubbery plateau modulus and apparent crosslink density, suggesting optimal comprehensive thermomechanical performance. Notably, the 50 kGy sample demonstrated the lowest wear rate and friction coefficient, representing superior wear resistance. These findings indicate that EB irradiation effectively tailors the structure and properties of carbon black-filled polyether-based TPU: 25 kGy is optimal for applications requiring balanced mechanical and thermomechanical properties, whereas 50 kGy is preferable for wear resistance-critical scenarios. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the application of EB-irradiated polyether-based TPU in advanced cable sheaths, automotive components, and related fields.关键词：Electron beam irradiation;Polyether-based thermoplastic polyurethane;Crosslinking;Mechanical properties;Wear resistance27|36|0更新时间：2026-08-25
RADIATION CHEMISTRY
- 摘要：This study aims to investigate the protective effects of tetrandrine on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and elucidate its potential mechanisms. Eighteen mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the control group, the irradiation group, and the irradiation plus tetrandrine group. Mice were exposed to a single full thoracic dose of 20 Gy radiation to establish a model of RILI. The lung coefficient was evaluated 12 weeks after radiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to assess the lung tissue damage. The network pharmacology method was used to screen for potential molecular mechanisms. The protein expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), F4/80, interleukin 1β (IL1β), interleukin 18 (IL18), interleukin 6 (IL6), CD86, CD163, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase1) was assessed using Western blot. The results showed that compared with the control group, the coefficient (1.27±0.05 vs. 1.55±0.20), histology score (2.00±1.27 vs. 6.00±1.27), and protein expression levels of MPO (1.00±0.21 vs. 1.34±0.20), F4/80 (1.00±0.13 vs. 1.28±0.11), IL1β (1.00±0.18 vs. 1.71±0.14), IL6 (1.00±0.17 vs. 1.62±0.31), and CD86 (1.00±0.29 vs. 1.62±0.36) increased in the irradiation group, whereas the protein expression of CD163 (1.00±0.21 vs. 0.59±0.07) was decreased. Compared with the IR group, the coefficient (1.36±0.07), histology score (3.17±1.33), and the protein expression levels of MPO (1.02±0.10), F4/80 (0.94±0.23), IL1β (0.97±0.56), IL6 (1.01±0.10), and CD86 (1.07±0.34) decreased in the IR+Tet group, whereas the protein expression of CD163 (0.99±0.25) increased. Network pharmacology analysis identified 93 intersecting genes. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the intersecting genes were mainly enriched in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. Western blot further confirmed that compared with the control group, the protein expression of NLRP3 (1.00±0.24 vs. 1.54±0.46) and Caspase1 (1.00±0.20 vs. 1.66±0.30) was upregulated in the irradiation group; compared with the IR group, the protein expression of NLRP3 (1.02±0.25) and Caspase1 (0.74±0.37) was downregulated in the IR+Tet group. Tetrandrine can alleviate RILI, possibly by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase1 pathway to suppress M1 macrophage polarization and inhibit inflammatory responses.关键词：Tetrandrine;Radiation-induced lung injury;NLRP3/Caspase1 pathway;Macrophage Polarization;Inflammatory factor33|49|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：Terpenoids are a class of natural products with diverse structures and functions. Terpene synthases (TPS), the key enzymes in their biosynthetic pathways, are responsible for catalyzing precursor substrates to form structurally distinct terpenoid backbones. To explore the role of the TPS gene family in the response of medicinal plant Platycodon grandiflorus to ionizing radiation stress, this study performed the identification and functional analysis of the PgTPSs gene family, and systematically compared the expression changes of its members under heavy ion beam, X-ray, and γ-ray treatments by integrating transcriptome data. Sequence alignment and domain analysis identified 21 PgTPS members, whose encoded proteins ranged from 208 to 820 amino acids in length, all being hydrophilic and mostly acidic. Conserved motif analysis showed that most PgTPSs proteins contained typical structural modules, including motif 4, motif 5, motif 8, and motif 14. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter regions of PgTPSs genes were rich in regulatory elements related to light response, hormone signaling, and stress adaptation. Phylogenetic analysis divided the PgTPSs gene family into four evolutionary clusters, and 10 pairs of collinear relationships were found between PgTPSs and those from Arabidopsis thaliana. All three types of ionizing radiation treatments induced increased expression of PgTPS14, PgTPS20, and PgTPS21. Correlation analysis between platycodins and PgTPSs genes indicated that PgTPS3, PgTPS4, PgTPS6, PgTPS16, PgTPS19 and PgTPS20 are potential candidate genes in response to radiation stress and regulating the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus. The study clarified the composition, evolutionary characteristics, and expression patterns of the the TPS gene family in Platycodon grandiflorus under ionizing radiation stress, providing a theoretical basis for further dissecting the functions of this gene family and utilizing radiation technology to stimulate the accumulation of active components in medicinal plants.关键词：Platycodon grandiflorus;Terpene synthase (TPS);Gene family;Ionizing radiation39|78|0更新时间：2026-08-25
RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIOMEDICINE
- 摘要：To investigate the regulatory role of light quality in the medicinal quality formation of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis), seedlings of S. baicalensis were subjected to four light treatments: control, ultraviolet-B (UV-B), far-red light (FR), and a combination of UV-B and FR (UV-B+FR). Growth indices, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant activity, and flavonoid content in the roots were measured after 10 and 30 days of treatment. The results showed that after 30 days of treatment, UV-B irradiation significantly inhibited the biomass accumulation in both leaves and roots but promoted the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with total flavonoid content increased by 6.57% compared with the control. FR treatment promoted both biomass and total flavonoid accumulation, increasing root dry weight by 40.90% and raising total flavonoid content by 3.93% relative to the control. The combined UV-B+FR treatment exhibited a synergistic effect: on one hand, it alleviated UV-B-induced stress damage, increasing root dry weight by 45.13% compared with UV-B alone; on the other hand, it significantly enhanced the synthesis of flavonoids, with baicalin and wogonoside contents increasing by 4.30% and 13.85%, respectively, relative to the control. At 10 days of treatment, UV-B and FR significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; after 30 days, S. baicalensis showed adaptive recovery with increased chlorophyll content. In conclusion, the combined UV-B and FR treatment regulates the growth and development of S. baicalensis seedlings and promotes the accumulation of medicinal components. These findings provide a theoretical basis for manipulating the light environment in the artificial cultivation of medicinal plants.关键词：Scutellaria baicalensis;Ultraviolet B (UV-B);Far-red light (FR);Growth;Flavonoids29|31|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：This study used seeds of Lycium barbarum Ningqi-10, a major cultivated goji variety, as experimental material. Irradiation treatment was conducted using X-rays generated by an electron accelerator at absorbed doses of 0 Gy, 80 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, and 220 Gy. The effects of different irradiation treatment doses on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics were investigated, and the optimal mutagenic dose was preliminarily determined, thereby establishing a foundation for subsequent screening of M₂ generation mutants. During germination, the 80 Gy treatment promoted germination; doses of 100-200 Gy induced a dynamic response pattern characterized by “initial inhibition followed by recovery”; and the highest dose (220 Gy) resulted in sustained and significant inhibition. During seedling growth, the inhibitory effect on plant height increased with dose, basal stem diameter was significantly reduced within the 150-220 Gy range, and both leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased across all mutagenic doses. Notably, the 80 Gy treatment led to significant increases in leaf width, leaf area, and leaf roundness, indicating potential for positive morphological variation. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of seed germination, seedling growth vigor, and leaf morphological variation, 80 Gy was identified as the optimal mutagenic dose for this variety. Linear regression analysis estimated the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) to be approximately 858 Gy, revealing the exceptionally high radiation tolerance of Ningqi-10 . This study established the first dose-response relationship for X-ray irradiation generated by an electron accelerator in this variety, defining its LD₅₀ as approximately 858 Gy and its optimal mutagenic dose as 80 Gy, thereby elucidating its dual characteristics of high tolerance and beneficial low-dose effects, and constructing a variety-specific radiation response pattern. These findings provide critical technical parameters and a scientific basis for mutation breeding and molecular genetic improvement of Lycium barbarum.关键词：Electron accelerator;Lycium barbarum;Ningqi-10;Seed;Growth characteristics41|95|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：Low temperature plasma has been considered as a green technology that can stimulate seed germination and seedling growth. In order to explore the optimal conditions for the effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) discharge voltage and treatment time on alfalfa seed vigor, this paper used binary quadratic orthogonal regression rotation combination design to investigate the effects of treatment voltage and time on seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, water absorption, relative conductivity and seedling fresh-dry ratio. The comprehensive evaluation model (Z value) of seed vigor was constructed by AHP-entropy weight method to determine the optimal treatment conditions. The results showed that under the experimental conditions of the binary quadratic orthogonal regression rotation combination design, plasma treatment could significantly improve the seed germination index, with the rate and vigor index reaching 78.33% and 613.71, respectively. The seedling length increased to 46.83 mm. The fresh-dry ratio and water absorption rate reached 19.03 and 94.23%, respectively. The relative conductivity and MDA content decreased to 28.15% and 0.009 μmol/g, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that voltage and time had extremely significant effects on Z values (p<0.01), and the effect of voltage was greater than that of time. The model optimization showed that the optimal conditions for DBD treatment of alfalfa seeds were voltage of 18.60 kV and time of 24 s, and the predicted score Z was 83.60. The experimental results showed that the Z value is 90.54 under this condition, which is better than the predicted value. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that DBD treatment enhanced the water absorption capacity of seeds and accelerated the germination process. The comprehensive evaluation model established in this paper provides a reliable method for optimizing DBD seed treatment conditions, and the obtained results also lay a theoretical foundation for the application of plasma in agriculture.关键词：Alfalfa seed vigor;Condition optimization;AHP-entropy weight method;Dielectric barrier discharge plasma13|27|0更新时间：2026-08-25
RADIATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION
- 摘要：To assess the current status of radioactivity levels in centralized drinking water sources across Shanxi Province and to identify the primary contributors of gross alpha radioactivity in drinking water, this study determined the activity concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta in drinking water samples from 11 cities across the province, using the thick source method. Uranium concentration was measured via laser-induced fluorescence, and the activity concentration of 226Ra was quantified using the emanation method. The results indicated that the gross alpha activity concentration (detected value) ranged from less than 0.058 Bq/L to 0.284 Bq/L, and the gross beta activity concentration ranged from 0.071 Bq/L to 0.209 Bq/L. Both were lower than the limits specified in "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB 5749―2022), indicating the absence of radioactive contamination in centralized drinking water across Shanxi Province. Uranium concentrations varied between 0.37 μg/L and 18.05 μg/L, and 226Ra activity concentrations (detected value) ranged from 1.74 mBq/L to 16.7 mBq/L, which are consistent with the results of the national survey on environmental natural radioactive levels. Notably, the dominant sources of gross alpha radioactivity in groundwater differ significantly among cities. In Yangquan City, the gross alpha radioactivity in groundwater is mainly derived from 226Ra; in Xinzhou City, uranium isotopes are the predominant contributors; whereas in Jinzhong and Lüliang Cities, gross alpha radioactivity arises from the combined contributions of both 226Ra and uranium isotopes.关键词：Drinking water;Gross alpha activity;Gross beta activity;Uranium;226Ra72|270|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：By conducting systematic monitoring and data collection on power frequency electric field strength and power frequency magnetic field strength outside over 60 operational 750 kV substations in Northwest China, this study established a representative measured dataset. Multivariate statistical analysis and comprehensive assessment show that the power frequency electric field strength at the substation boundaries ranges from 0.6 to 3 840.0 V/m, while the power frequency magnetic field strength varies from 0.014 to 24.330 μT. Both parameters comply with the public exposure control limits specified in the Mandatory national standard, which stipulates a limit of 4 000 V/m for power frequency electric field and 100 μT for power frequency magnetic field. Notably, the maximum measured electric field values approach the standard limit with a small safety margin, and the peak field strength generally appears at the boundary near the 750 kV outlet side. Therefore, the layout of incoming and outgoing lines and their spatial correlation with surrounding residential areas shall be comprehensively considered during site selection for 750 kV substations. The research results carry dual practical value. On the one hand, they can provide fundamental data support for implementing the pollutant discharge permit system for power transmission and transformation projects under the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China". On the other hand, they offer scientific, reliable measured data and theoretical support for the planning, site selection, design optimization, operation & maintenance, and electromagnetic environment supervision of 750 kV EHV substations, thus improving the environmental compatibility and public acceptance of extra-high voltage substations.关键词：750 kV substation;Electromagnetic environment;Power frequency electric field intensity;Power frequency magnetic field intensity21|39|0更新时间：2026-08-25
- 摘要：The study aims to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic radiation emitted by traction motors of pure electric vehicles on electromagnetic field exposure levels in the inner ear of passengers with cochlear implants. A dipole antenna equivalent model of the traction motor was established. Combined with an anatomically detailed computational model of the human head and cochlear implant, electromagnetic–thermal multi-physics coupling analysis was carried out using COMSOL software. The induced electric field intensity (Ein), local specific absorption rate (SAR, denoted as RSA), and temperature rise in key areas of the inner ear were calculated. The results showed that after cochlear implantation, the maximum Ein in the inner ear reached 121 mV/m, which was 24.1 times that of those without implants; the maximum RSA was 3.24×10⁻⁶ W/kg, which was 581 times that of those without implants, with the larger areas mainly concentrated around the tissues at the end of the electrode. Although the temperature rise caused by this was only 0.02 °C, far below the thermal damage threshold defined by ICNIRP, the abnormal electric field distribution may interfere with the auditory signal processing through non-thermal effects. Additionally, by comparing the exposure differences between adults and children wearing cochlear implants, it was found that the Ein and SAR of the inner ear of children wearing cochlear implants were 1.53 times and 3.06 times those for adults, respectively; in the dual-motor model, the Ein and RSA of the inner ear of passengers were 2.8 times and 8.1 times those of the single-motor model. The results indicate that attention should be paid to the non-thermal effect risks faced by cochlear implant wearers in the complex electromagnetic environment of electric vehicles, and it is recommended to improve the safety assessment standards for children and multi-source radiation scenarios.关键词：Electric vehicles;Traction motors;Cochlear implants;Inner ear;Electromagnetic exposure dose13|34|0更新时间：2026-08-25
RADIATION PROTECTION
- 摘要：Searching for signs of life is a central objective of current and future Mars exploration. Organic biomolecules, particularly amino acids, are considered key targets in life-detection efforts due to their well-established biological relevance. However, the thin Martian atmosphere and the absence of a global magnetic field expose the surface to intense ionizing radiation, rendering organic molecules highly susceptible to radiolytic degradation and potential destruction. To evaluate the stability of such biomolecules, numerous irradiation simulation experiments have been conducted. However, the survivability and chemical reactivity of amino acids under Martian-like conditions remain controversial. One possible reason is the inconsistent physical states of amino acids used in these studies, such as solution, solid powders, and single crystals. In this work, we systematically investigate the radiation stability of amino acids in different physical states under 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The results demonstrate that the radiation stability of amino acids is strongly dependent on their physical state. After exposure equivalent to ~31.2 Ma of Martian surface irradiation, the single crystal glycine remains largely intact, whereas solid powder glycine transforms from the monoclinic α-phase to the hexagonal γ-phase. In contrast, glycine in aqueous solution shows significant modification, involving both decomposition and complex recombination or polymerization. These findings provide new insights into the radiation-driven evolution of organic molecules on Mars and offer critical constraints for interpreting ambiguous spectroscopic signatures obtained from Martian surface analyses.关键词：60Co γ-rays irradiation;Amino acids;Radiolysis;Extraterrestrial life;Mars27|42|0更新时间：2026-08-25
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT
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