EGFR belongs to tyrosine kinase receptors, and is overexpressed and mutant in a number of malignant tumors originated from epithelial origin. After ligand binding and activation, EGFR leads to a series of downstream signal pathways of activation and many biological effects. EGFR signal pathway is associated with radioresistance of tumor cells, and the mechanism is related to cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, regulating cell cycle arrest, and DNA radiation damage repair. EGFR monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors can promote radiosensitization of tumor cells.