In order to explore the effect of Celecoxib on the neuroprotective function of acute radiation-induced brain injury, the mature Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: the control group, the 10 Gy group (a dose of 10 Gy by using 6 MeV elections) and the 10 Gy+Celecoxib group (a dose of 10 Gy by using 6 MeV elections combined with 30 mg/kg of Celecoxib). The brain tissues of rats were taken at the different points of time after irradiation and the wet-dry weight formula was applied to calculate the percentage of brain water content. Pathomorphology investigation was used to detect the morphological changes of brains. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on the brain tissue samples to investigate the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Consequently, the percentage of brain water content in the 10 Gy group was significantly higher than that in the control group. And the percentage of brain water content in the 10 Gy+Celecoxib group was relatively lower compared with that in the 10 Gy group. There were significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05 and P<0.05). Pathologic identification of the brain tissue samples suggests that typical cerebral edema was detected in the 10 Gy group, and the extent of brain edema was less in the 10 Gy+Celecoxib group compared with that in the 10 Gy group, meanwhile the positive expression of GFAP in the 10 Gy+Celecoxib group was lower significantly than that in the 10 Gy group at the different time points (P<0.05). The positive expression of GFAP in both the 10 Gy group and the 10 Gy+ Celecoxib group were higher than that in the control group. As a conclusion, Celecoxib can obviously decrease the percentage of brain water content, cut down the level of cerebral edema to protect brain organization, reduce the glial cells injury and protect neurons.Cited